/* $Id: tarcmd.cpp $ */
/** @file
 * IPRT - A mini TAR Command.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox base platform packages, as
 * available from https://www.virtualbox.org.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation, in version 3 of the
 * License.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
 *
 * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
 * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
 * (CDDL), a copy of it is provided in the "COPYING.CDDL" file included
 * in the VirtualBox distribution, in which case the provisions of the
 * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
 *
 * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
 * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only OR CDDL-1.0
 */


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Header Files                                                                                                                 *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <iprt/zip.h>

#include <iprt/asm.h>
#include <iprt/buildconfig.h>
#include <iprt/ctype.h>
#include <iprt/dir.h>
#include <iprt/err.h>
#include <iprt/file.h>
#include <iprt/getopt.h>
#include <iprt/initterm.h>
#include <iprt/mem.h>
#include <iprt/message.h>
#include <iprt/param.h>
#include <iprt/path.h>
#include <iprt/stream.h>
#include <iprt/string.h>
#include <iprt/symlink.h>
#include <iprt/vfs.h>


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Defined Constants And Macros                                                                                                 *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DELETE              1000
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_OWNER               1001
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_GROUP               1002
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_UTC                 1003
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_PREFIX              1004
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FILE_MODE_AND_MASK  1005
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FILE_MODE_OR_MASK   1006
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DIR_MODE_AND_MASK   1007
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DIR_MODE_OR_MASK    1008
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FORMAT              1009
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_READ_AHEAD          1010
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_USE_PUSH_FILE       1011
#define RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_NO_RECURSION        1012

/** File format. */
typedef enum RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT
{
    RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_INVALID = 0,
    /** Autodetect if possible, defaulting to TAR. */
    RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_AUTO_DEFAULT,
    /** TAR.  */
    RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR,
    /** XAR.  */
    RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_XAR,
    /** CPIO. */
    RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_CPIO
} RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT;


/*********************************************************************************************************************************
*   Structures and Typedefs                                                                                                      *
*********************************************************************************************************************************/
/**
 * IPRT TAR option structure.
 */
typedef struct RTZIPTARCMDOPS
{
    /** The file format. */
    RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT enmFormat;

    /** The operation (Acdrtux or RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DELETE). */
    int             iOperation;
    /** The long operation option name. */
    const char     *pszOperation;

    /** The directory to change into when packing and unpacking. */
    const char     *pszDirectory;
    /** The tar file name. */
    const char     *pszFile;
    /** Whether we're verbose or quiet. */
    bool            fVerbose;
    /** Whether to preserve the original file owner when restoring. */
    bool            fPreserveOwner;
    /** Whether to preserve the original file group when restoring. */
    bool            fPreserveGroup;
    /** Whether to skip restoring the modification time (only time stored by the
     * traditional TAR format). */
    bool            fNoModTime;
    /** Whether to add a read ahead thread. */
    bool            fReadAhead;
    /** Use RTVfsFsStrmPushFile instead of RTVfsFsStrmAdd for files. */
    bool            fUsePushFile;
    /** Whether to handle directories recursively or not. Defaults to \c true. */
    bool            fRecursive;
    /** The compressor/decompressor method to employ (0, z or j). */
    char            chZipper;

    /** The owner to set. NULL if not applicable.
     * Always resolved into uidOwner for extraction. */
    const char     *pszOwner;
    /** The owner ID to set. NIL_RTUID if not applicable. */
    RTUID           uidOwner;
    /** The group to set. NULL if not applicable.
     * Always resolved into gidGroup for extraction. */
    const char     *pszGroup;
    /** The group ID to set. NIL_RTGUID if not applicable. */
    RTGID           gidGroup;
    /** Display the modification times in UTC instead of local time. */
    bool            fDisplayUtc;
    /** File mode AND mask. */
    RTFMODE         fFileModeAndMask;
    /** File mode OR mask. */
    RTFMODE         fFileModeOrMask;
    /** Directory mode AND mask. */
    RTFMODE         fDirModeAndMask;
    /** Directory mode OR mask. */
    RTFMODE         fDirModeOrMask;

    /** What to prefix all names with when creating, adding, whatever. */
    const char     *pszPrefix;

    /** The number of files(, directories or whatever) specified. */
    uint32_t        cFiles;
    /** Array of files(, directories or whatever).
     * Terminated by a NULL entry. */
    const char * const *papszFiles;

    /** The TAR format to create. */
    RTZIPTARFORMAT  enmTarFormat;
    /** TAR creation flags. */
    uint32_t        fTarCreate;

} RTZIPTARCMDOPS;
/** Pointer to the IPRT tar options. */
typedef RTZIPTARCMDOPS *PRTZIPTARCMDOPS;

/** The size of the directory entry buffer we're using. */
#define RTZIPTARCMD_DIRENTRY_BUF_SIZE (sizeof(RTDIRENTRYEX) + RTPATH_MAX)

/**
 * Callback used by rtZipTarDoWithMembers
 *
 * @returns rcExit or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   hVfsObj             The tar object to display
 * @param   pszName             The name.
 * @param   rcExit              The current exit code.
 */
typedef RTEXITCODE (*PFNDOWITHMEMBER)(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSOBJ hVfsObj, const char *pszName, RTEXITCODE rcExit);


/**
 * Checks if @a pszName is a member of @a papszNames, optionally returning the
 * index.
 *
 * @returns true if the name is in the list, otherwise false.
 * @param   pszName             The name to find.
 * @param   papszNames          The array of names.
 * @param   piName              Where to optionally return the array index.
 */
static bool rtZipTarCmdIsNameInArray(const char *pszName, const char * const *papszNames, uint32_t *piName)
{
    for (uint32_t iName = 0; papszNames[iName]; iName++)
        if (!strcmp(papszNames[iName], pszName))
        {
            if (piName)
                *piName = iName;
            return true;
        }
    return false;
}


/**
 * Queries information about a VFS object.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code.
 * @param   pszSpec             VFS object spec to use.
 * @param   paObjInfo           Where to store the queried object information.
 *                              Must at least provide 3 structs, namely for UNIX, UNIX_OWNER and UNIX_GROUP attributes.
 * @param   cObjInfo            Number of objection information structs handed in.
 */
static int rtZipTarCmdQueryObjInfo(const char *pszSpec, PRTFSOBJINFO paObjInfo, unsigned cObjInfo)
{
    AssertPtrReturn(paObjInfo, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertReturn(cObjInfo >= 3, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);

    RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;
    uint32_t        offError;
    int rc = RTVfsChainQueryInfo(pszSpec, &paObjInfo[0], RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX, RTPATH_F_ON_LINK,
                                 &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo));
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        rc = RTVfsChainQueryInfo(pszSpec, &paObjInfo[1], RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_OWNER, RTPATH_F_ON_LINK,
                                 &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo));
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            rc = RTVfsChainQueryInfo(pszSpec, &paObjInfo[2], RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_GROUP, RTPATH_F_ON_LINK,
                                     &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo));
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                RT_BZERO(&paObjInfo[2], sizeof(RTFSOBJINFO));
        }
        else
        {
            RT_BZERO(&paObjInfo[1], sizeof(RTFSOBJINFO));
            RT_BZERO(&paObjInfo[2], sizeof(RTFSOBJINFO));
        }

        rc = VINF_SUCCESS; /* aObjInfo[1] + aObjInfo[2] are optional. */
    }
    else
        RTVfsChainMsgError("RTVfsChainQueryInfo", pszSpec, rc, offError, &ErrInfo.Core);

    return rc;
}


/**
 * Archives a file.
 *
 * @returns RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE + printed message.
 * @param   pOpts           The options.
 * @param   hVfsFss         The TAR filesystem stream handle.
 * @param   pszSrc          The file path or VFS spec.
 * @param   paObjInfo[3]    Array of three FS object info structures.  The first
 *                          one is always filled with RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX info.
 *                          The next two may contain owner and group names if
 *                          available.  Buffers can be modified.
 * @param   pszDst          The name to archive the file under.
 * @param   pErrInfo        Error info buffer (saves stack space).
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdArchiveFile(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSFSSTREAM hVfsFss, const char *pszSrc,
                                         RTFSOBJINFO paObjInfo[3], const char *pszDst, PRTERRINFOSTATIC pErrInfo)
{
    if (pOpts->fVerbose)
        RTPrintf("%s\n", pszDst);

    /* Open the file. */
    uint32_t        offError;
    RTVFSIOSTREAM   hVfsIosSrc;
    int rc = RTVfsChainOpenIoStream(pszSrc, RTFILE_O_READ | RTFILE_O_OPEN | RTFILE_O_DENY_NONE,
                                    &hVfsIosSrc, &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(pErrInfo));
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTVfsChainMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsChainOpenIoStream", pszSrc, rc, offError, &pErrInfo->Core);

    /* I/O stream to base object. */
    RTVFSOBJ hVfsObjSrc = RTVfsObjFromIoStream(hVfsIosSrc);
    if (hVfsObjSrc != NIL_RTVFSOBJ)
    {
        /*
         * Add it to the stream.  Got to variants here so we can test the
         * RTVfsFsStrmPushFile API too.
         */
        if (!pOpts->fUsePushFile)
            rc = RTVfsFsStrmAdd(hVfsFss, pszDst, hVfsObjSrc, 0 /*fFlags*/);
        else
        {
            uint32_t cObjInfo = 1 + (paObjInfo[1].Attr.enmAdditional == RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_OWNER)
                                  + (paObjInfo[2].Attr.enmAdditional == RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_GROUP);
            RTVFSIOSTREAM hVfsIosDst;
            rc = RTVfsFsStrmPushFile(hVfsFss, pszDst, paObjInfo[0].cbObject, paObjInfo, cObjInfo, 0 /*fFlags*/, &hVfsIosDst);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                rc = RTVfsUtilPumpIoStreams(hVfsIosSrc, hVfsIosDst, 0);
                RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIosDst);
            }
        }
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIosSrc);
        RTVfsObjRelease(hVfsObjSrc);

        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            if (rc != VINF_SUCCESS)
                RTMsgWarning("%Rrc adding '%s'", rc, pszDst);
            return RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;
        }
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%Rrc adding '%s'", rc, pszDst);
    }
    RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIosSrc);
    return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsObjFromIoStream failed unexpectedly!");
}


/**
 * Sub-directory helper for creating archives.
 *
 * @returns RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE + printed message.
 * @param   pOpts           The options.
 * @param   hVfsFss         The TAR filesystem stream handle.
 * @param   pszSrc          The directory path or VFS spec.  We append to the
 *                          buffer as we decend.
 * @param   cchSrc          The length of the input.
 * @param   paObjInfo[3]    Array of three FS object info structures.  The first
 *                          one is always filled with RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX info.
 *                          The next two may contain owner and group names if
 *                          available.  The three buffers can be reused.
 * @param   pszDst          The name to archive it the under.  We append to the
 *                          buffer as we decend.
 * @param   cchDst          The length of the input.
 * @param   pDirEntry       Directory entry to use for the directory to handle.
 * @param   pErrInfo        Error info buffer (saves stack space).
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdArchiveDirSub(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSFSSTREAM hVfsFss,
                                           char *pszSrc, size_t cchSrc, RTFSOBJINFO paObjInfo[3],
                                           char pszDst[RTPATH_MAX], size_t cchDst, PRTDIRENTRYEX pDirEntry,
                                           PRTERRINFOSTATIC pErrInfo)
{
    if (pOpts->fVerbose)
        RTPrintf("%s\n", pszDst);

    uint32_t offError;
    RTVFSDIR hVfsIoDir;
    int rc = RTVfsChainOpenDir(pszSrc, 0 /*fFlags*/,
                               &hVfsIoDir, &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(pErrInfo));
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTVfsChainMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsChainOpenDir", pszSrc, rc, offError, &pErrInfo->Core);

    /* Make sure we've got some room in the path, to save us extra work further down. */
    if (cchSrc + 3 >= RTPATH_MAX)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Source path too long: '%s'\n", pszSrc);

    /* Ensure we've got a trailing slash (there is space for it see above). */
    if (!RTPATH_IS_SEP(pszSrc[cchSrc - 1]))
    {
        pszSrc[cchSrc++] = RTPATH_SLASH;
        pszSrc[cchSrc]   = '\0';
    }

    /* Ditto for destination. */
    if (cchDst + 3 >= RTPATH_MAX)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Destination path too long: '%s'\n", pszDst);

    if (!RTPATH_IS_SEP(pszDst[cchDst - 1]))
    {
        pszDst[cchDst++] = RTPATH_SLASH;
        pszDst[cchDst]   = '\0';
    }

    /*
     * Process the files and subdirs.
     */
    for (;;)
    {
        size_t cbDirEntry = RTZIPTARCMD_DIRENTRY_BUF_SIZE;
        rc = RTVfsDirReadEx(hVfsIoDir, pDirEntry, &cbDirEntry, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            break;

        /* Check length. */
        if (pDirEntry->cbName + cchSrc + 3 >= RTPATH_MAX)
        {
            rc = VERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
            break;
        }

        switch (pDirEntry->Info.Attr.fMode & RTFS_TYPE_MASK)
        {
            case RTFS_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
            {
                if (RTDirEntryExIsStdDotLink(pDirEntry))
                    continue;

                if (!pOpts->fRecursive)
                    continue;

                memcpy(&pszSrc[cchSrc], pDirEntry->szName, pDirEntry->cbName + 1);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                {
                    memcpy(&pszDst[cchDst], pDirEntry->szName, pDirEntry->cbName + 1);
                    rc = rtZipTarCmdArchiveDirSub(pOpts, hVfsFss, pszSrc, cchSrc + pDirEntry->cbName, paObjInfo,
                                                  pszDst, cchDst + pDirEntry->cbName, pDirEntry, pErrInfo);
                }

                break;
            }

            case RTFS_TYPE_FILE:
            {
                memcpy(&pszSrc[cchSrc], pDirEntry->szName, pDirEntry->cbName + 1);
                rc = rtZipTarCmdQueryObjInfo(pszSrc, paObjInfo, 3 /* cObjInfo */);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                {
                    memcpy(&pszDst[cchDst], pDirEntry->szName, pDirEntry->cbName + 1);
                    rc = rtZipTarCmdArchiveFile(pOpts, hVfsFss, pszSrc, paObjInfo, pszDst, pErrInfo);
                }
                break;
            }

            default:
            {
                if (pOpts->fVerbose)
                    RTPrintf("Warning: File system type %#x for '%s' not implemented yet, sorry! Skipping ...\n",
                             pDirEntry->Info.Attr.fMode & RTFS_TYPE_MASK, pDirEntry->szName);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    RTVfsDirRelease(hVfsIoDir);

    if (rc != VERR_NO_MORE_FILES)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsDirReadEx failed unexpectedly!");

    return RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Archives a directory recursively.
 *
 * @returns RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE + printed message.
 * @param   pOpts           The options.
 * @param   hVfsFss         The TAR filesystem stream handle.
 * @param   pszSrc          The directory path or VFS spec.  We append to the
 *                          buffer as we decend.
 * @param   cchSrc          The length of the input.
 * @param   paObjInfo[3]    Array of three FS object info structures.  The first
 *                          one is always filled with RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX info.
 *                          The next two may contain owner and group names if
 *                          available.  The three buffers can be reused.
 * @param   pszDst          The name to archive it the under.  We append to the
 *                          buffer as we decend.
 * @param   cchDst          The length of the input.
 * @param   pErrInfo        Error info buffer (saves stack space).
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdArchiveDir(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSFSSTREAM hVfsFss, char pszSrc[RTPATH_MAX], size_t cchSrc,
                                        RTFSOBJINFO paObjInfo[3], char pszDst[RTPATH_MAX], size_t cchDst,
                                        PRTERRINFOSTATIC pErrInfo)
{
    RT_NOREF(cchSrc);

    char szSrcAbs[RTPATH_MAX];
    int rc = RTPathAbs(pszSrc, szSrcAbs, sizeof(szSrcAbs));
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTPathAbs failed on '%s': %Rrc\n", pszSrc, rc);

    union
    {
        uint8_t         abPadding[RTZIPTARCMD_DIRENTRY_BUF_SIZE];
        RTDIRENTRYEX    DirEntry;
    } uBuf;

    return rtZipTarCmdArchiveDirSub(pOpts, hVfsFss, szSrcAbs, strlen(szSrcAbs), paObjInfo, pszDst, cchDst, &uBuf.DirEntry, pErrInfo);
}


/**
 * Opens the output archive specified by the options.
 *
 * @returns RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE + printed message.
 * @param   pOpts           The options.
 * @param   phVfsFss        Where to return the TAR filesystem stream handle.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdOpenOutputArchive(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, PRTVFSFSSTREAM phVfsFss)
{
    int rc;
    *phVfsFss = NIL_RTVFSFSSTREAM;

    /*
     * Open the output file.
     */
    RTVFSIOSTREAM   hVfsIos;
    if (   pOpts->pszFile
        && strcmp(pOpts->pszFile, "-") != 0)
    {
        uint32_t        offError = 0;
        RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;
        rc = RTVfsChainOpenIoStream(pOpts->pszFile, RTFILE_O_WRITE | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_CREATE_REPLACE,
                                    &hVfsIos, &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo));
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            return RTVfsChainMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsChainOpenIoStream", pOpts->pszFile, rc, offError, &ErrInfo.Core);
    }
    else
    {
        rc = RTVfsIoStrmFromStdHandle(RTHANDLESTD_OUTPUT,
                                      RTFILE_O_WRITE | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_OPEN,
                                      true /*fLeaveOpen*/,
                                      &hVfsIos);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to prepare standard output for writing: %Rrc", rc);
    }

    /*
     * Pass it thru a compressor?
     */
    RTVFSIOSTREAM hVfsIosComp = NIL_RTVFSIOSTREAM;
    switch (pOpts->chZipper)
    {
        /* no */
        case '\0':
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
            break;

        /* gunzip */
        case 'z':
            rc = RTZipGzipCompressIoStream(hVfsIos, 0 /*fFlags*/, 6, &hVfsIosComp);
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                RTMsgError("Failed to open gzip decompressor: %Rrc", rc);
            break;

        /* bunzip2 */
        case 'j':
            rc = VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            RTMsgError("bzip2 is not supported by this build");
            break;

        /* bug */
        default:
            rc = VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_2;
            RTMsgError("unknown decompression method '%c'",  pOpts->chZipper);
            break;
    }
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIos);
        return RTEXITCODE_FAILURE;
    }

    if (hVfsIosComp != NIL_RTVFSIOSTREAM)
    {
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIos);
        hVfsIos = hVfsIosComp;
        hVfsIosComp = NIL_RTVFSIOSTREAM;
    }

    /*
     * Open the filesystem stream creator.
     */
    if (   pOpts->enmFormat == RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR
        || pOpts->enmFormat == RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_AUTO_DEFAULT)
    {
        RTVFSFSSTREAM hVfsFss;
        rc = RTZipTarFsStreamToIoStream(hVfsIos, pOpts->enmTarFormat, pOpts->fTarCreate, &hVfsFss);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            /*
             * Set transformation options.
             */
            rc = RTZipTarFsStreamSetFileMode(hVfsFss, pOpts->fFileModeAndMask, pOpts->fFileModeOrMask);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                rc = RTZipTarFsStreamSetDirMode(hVfsFss, pOpts->fDirModeAndMask, pOpts->fDirModeOrMask);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    RTMsgError("RTZipTarFsStreamSetDirMode(%o,%o) failed: %Rrc", pOpts->fDirModeAndMask, pOpts->fDirModeOrMask, rc);
            }
            else
                RTMsgError("RTZipTarFsStreamSetFileMode(%o,%o) failed: %Rrc", pOpts->fFileModeAndMask, pOpts->fFileModeOrMask, rc);
            if ((pOpts->pszOwner || pOpts->uidOwner != NIL_RTUID) && RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                rc = RTZipTarFsStreamSetOwner(hVfsFss, pOpts->uidOwner, pOpts->pszOwner);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    RTMsgError("RTZipTarFsStreamSetOwner(%d,%s) failed: %Rrc", pOpts->uidOwner, pOpts->pszOwner, rc);
            }
            if ((pOpts->pszGroup || pOpts->gidGroup != NIL_RTGID) && RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                rc = RTZipTarFsStreamSetGroup(hVfsFss, pOpts->gidGroup, pOpts->pszGroup);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    RTMsgError("RTZipTarFsStreamSetGroup(%d,%s) failed: %Rrc", pOpts->gidGroup, pOpts->pszGroup, rc);
            }
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                *phVfsFss = hVfsFss;
            else
            {
                RTVfsFsStrmRelease(hVfsFss);
                *phVfsFss = NIL_RTVFSFSSTREAM;
            }
        }
        else
            rc = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to open tar filesystem stream: %Rrc", rc);
    }
    else
        rc = VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIos);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to open tar filesystem stream: %Rrc", rc);

    return RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Implements archive creation.
 *
 * @returns RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE + printed message.
 * @param   pOpts           The options.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCreate(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts)
{
    /*
     * Refuse to create empty archive.
     */
    if (pOpts->cFiles == 0)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Nothing to archive - refusing to create empty archive!");

    /*
     * First open the output file.
     */
    RTVFSFSSTREAM hVfsFss;
    RTEXITCODE rcExit = rtZipTarCmdOpenOutputArchive(pOpts, &hVfsFss);
    if (rcExit != RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS)
        return rcExit;

    /*
     * Process the input files.
     */
    for (uint32_t iFile = 0; iFile < pOpts->cFiles; iFile++)
    {
        const char *pszFile = pOpts->papszFiles[iFile];

        /*
         * Construct/copy the source name.
         */
        int         rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
        char        szSrc[RTPATH_MAX];
        if (   RTPathStartsWithRoot(pszFile)
            || RTVfsChainIsSpec(pszFile))
            rc = RTStrCopy(szSrc, sizeof(szSrc), pszFile);
        else
            rc = RTPathJoin(szSrc, sizeof(szSrc), pOpts->pszDirectory ? pOpts->pszDirectory : ".", pOpts->papszFiles[iFile]);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            /*
             * Construct the archived name.  We must strip leading root specifier.
             */
            char *pszFinalPath = NULL;
            char  szDst[RTPATH_MAX];
            const char *pszDst = pszFile;
            if (RTVfsChainIsSpec(pszFile))
            {
                uint32_t offError;
                rc = RTVfsChainQueryFinalPath(pszFile, &pszFinalPath, &offError);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                    pszDst = pszFinalPath;
                else
                    rcExit = RTVfsChainMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsChainQueryFinalPath", pszFile, rc, offError, NULL);
            }
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                pszDst = RTPathSkipRootSpec(pszDst);
                if (*pszDst == '\0')
                {
                    pszDst = pOpts->pszPrefix ? pOpts->pszPrefix : ".";
                    rc = RTStrCopy(szDst, sizeof(szDst), pszDst);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (pOpts->pszPrefix)
                        rc = RTPathJoin(szDst, sizeof(szDst), pOpts->pszPrefix, pszDst);
                    else
                        rc = RTStrCopy(szDst, sizeof(szDst), pszDst);
                }
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                {
                    /*
                     * What kind of object is this and what affiliations does it have?
                     */
                    RTFSOBJINFO aObjInfo[3];
                    rc = rtZipTarCmdQueryObjInfo(szSrc, aObjInfo, RT_ELEMENTS(aObjInfo));
                    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                    {
                        RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;

                        /*
                         * Process on an object type basis.
                         */
                        RTEXITCODE rcExit2;
                        if (RTFS_IS_DIRECTORY(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = rtZipTarCmdArchiveDir(pOpts, hVfsFss, szSrc, strlen(szSrc), aObjInfo,
                                                            szDst, strlen(szDst), &ErrInfo);
                        else if (RTFS_IS_FILE(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = rtZipTarCmdArchiveFile(pOpts, hVfsFss, szSrc, aObjInfo, szDst, &ErrInfo);
                        else if (RTFS_IS_SYMLINK(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Symlink archiving is not implemented");
                        else if (RTFS_IS_FIFO(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("FIFO archiving is not implemented");
                        else if (RTFS_IS_SOCKET(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Socket archiving is not implemented");
                        else if (RTFS_IS_DEV_CHAR(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode) || RTFS_IS_DEV_BLOCK(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Device archiving is not implemented");
                        else if (RTFS_IS_WHITEOUT(aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode))
                            rcExit2 = RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;
                        else
                            rcExit2 = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Unknown file type: %#x\n", aObjInfo[0].Attr.fMode);
                        if (rcExit2 != RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS)
                            rcExit = rcExit2;
                    }
                    else
                        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("querying object information for '%s' failed (%s)", szSrc, pszFile);
                }
                else
                    rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("archived file name is too long, skipping '%s' (%s)", pszDst, pszFile);
            }
        }
        else
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("input file name is too long, skipping '%s'",  pszFile);
    }

    /*
     * Finalize the archive.
     */
    int rc = RTVfsFsStrmEnd(hVfsFss);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsFsStrmEnd failed: %Rrc", rc);

    RTVfsFsStrmRelease(hVfsFss);
    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * Opens the input archive specified by the options.
 *
 * @returns RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE + printed message.
 * @param   pOpts           The options.
 * @param   phVfsFss        Where to return the TAR filesystem stream handle.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdOpenInputArchive(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, PRTVFSFSSTREAM phVfsFss)
{
    int rc;

    /*
     * Open the input file.
     */
    RTVFSIOSTREAM   hVfsIos;
    if (   pOpts->pszFile
        && strcmp(pOpts->pszFile, "-") != 0)
    {
        uint32_t        offError = 0;
        RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;
        rc = RTVfsChainOpenIoStream(pOpts->pszFile, RTFILE_O_READ | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_OPEN,
                                    &hVfsIos, &offError, RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo));
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            return RTVfsChainMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsChainOpenIoStream", pOpts->pszFile, rc, offError, &ErrInfo.Core);
    }
    else
    {
        rc = RTVfsIoStrmFromStdHandle(RTHANDLESTD_INPUT,
                                      RTFILE_O_READ | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_OPEN,
                                      true /*fLeaveOpen*/,
                                      &hVfsIos);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to prepare standard in for reading: %Rrc", rc);
    }

    /*
     * Pass it thru a decompressor?
     */
    RTVFSIOSTREAM hVfsIosDecomp = NIL_RTVFSIOSTREAM;
    switch (pOpts->chZipper)
    {
        /* no */
        case '\0':
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
            break;

        /* gunzip */
        case 'z':
            rc = RTZipGzipDecompressIoStream(hVfsIos, 0 /*fFlags*/, &hVfsIosDecomp);
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                RTMsgError("Failed to open gzip decompressor: %Rrc", rc);
            break;

        /* bunzip2 */
        case 'j':
            rc = VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            RTMsgError("bzip2 is not supported by this build");
            break;

        /* bug */
        default:
            rc = VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_2;
            RTMsgError("unknown decompression method '%c'",  pOpts->chZipper);
            break;
    }
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIos);
        return RTEXITCODE_FAILURE;
    }

    if (hVfsIosDecomp != NIL_RTVFSIOSTREAM)
    {
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIos);
        hVfsIos = hVfsIosDecomp;
        hVfsIosDecomp = NIL_RTVFSIOSTREAM;
    }

    /*
     * Open the filesystem stream.
     */
    if (pOpts->enmFormat == RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR)
        rc = RTZipTarFsStreamFromIoStream(hVfsIos, 0/*fFlags*/, phVfsFss);
    else if (pOpts->enmFormat == RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_XAR)
#ifdef IPRT_WITH_XAR /* Requires C++ and XML, so only in some configruation of IPRT. */
        rc = RTZipXarFsStreamFromIoStream(hVfsIos, 0/*fFlags*/, phVfsFss);
#else
        rc = VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
#endif
    else if (pOpts->enmFormat == RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_CPIO)
        rc = RTZipCpioFsStreamFromIoStream(hVfsIos, 0/*fFlags*/, phVfsFss);
    else /** @todo make RTZipTarFsStreamFromIoStream fail if not tar file! */
        rc = RTZipTarFsStreamFromIoStream(hVfsIos, 0/*fFlags*/, phVfsFss);
    RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIos);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to open tar filesystem stream: %Rrc", rc);

    return RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Worker for the --list and --extract commands.
 *
 * @returns The appropriate exit code.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   pfnCallback         The command specific callback.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarDoWithMembers(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, PFNDOWITHMEMBER pfnCallback)
{
    /*
     * Allocate a bitmap to go with the file list.  This will be used to
     * indicate which files we've processed and which not.
     */
    uint32_t *pbmFound = NULL;
    if (pOpts->cFiles)
    {
        pbmFound = (uint32_t *)RTMemAllocZ(((pOpts->cFiles + 31) / 32) * sizeof(uint32_t));
        if (!pbmFound)
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to allocate the found-file-bitmap");
    }


    /*
     * Open the input archive.
     */
    RTVFSFSSTREAM hVfsFssIn;
    RTEXITCODE rcExit = rtZipTarCmdOpenInputArchive(pOpts, &hVfsFssIn);
    if (rcExit == RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS)
    {
        /*
         * Process the stream.
         */
        for (;;)
        {
            /*
             * Retrive the next object.
             */
            char       *pszName;
            RTVFSOBJ    hVfsObj;
            int rc = RTVfsFsStrmNext(hVfsFssIn, &pszName, NULL, &hVfsObj);
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            {
                if (rc != VERR_EOF)
                    rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsFsStrmNext returned %Rrc", rc);
                break;
            }

            /*
             * Should we process this entry?
             */
            uint32_t    iFile = UINT32_MAX;
            if (   !pOpts->cFiles
                || rtZipTarCmdIsNameInArray(pszName, pOpts->papszFiles, &iFile) )
            {
                if (pbmFound)
                    ASMBitSet(pbmFound, iFile);

                rcExit = pfnCallback(pOpts, hVfsObj, pszName, rcExit);
            }

            /*
             * Release the current object and string.
             */
            RTVfsObjRelease(hVfsObj);
            RTStrFree(pszName);
        }

        /*
         * Complain about any files we didn't find.
         */
        for (uint32_t iFile = 0; iFile < pOpts->cFiles; iFile++)
            if (!ASMBitTest(pbmFound, iFile))
            {
                RTMsgError("%s: Was not found in the archive", pOpts->papszFiles[iFile]);
                rcExit = RTEXITCODE_FAILURE;
            }

        RTVfsFsStrmRelease(hVfsFssIn);
    }
    RTMemFree(pbmFound);
    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * Checks if the name contains any escape sequences.
 *
 * An escape sequence would generally be one or more '..' references.  On DOS
 * like system, something that would make up a drive letter reference is also
 * considered an escape sequence.
 *
 * @returns true / false.
 * @param   pszName     The name to consider.
 */
static bool rtZipTarHasEscapeSequence(const char *pszName)
{
#if defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) || defined(RT_OS_OS2)
    if (pszName[0] == ':')
        return true;
#endif
    while (*pszName)
    {
        while (RTPATH_IS_SEP(*pszName))
            pszName++;
        if (   pszName[0] == '.'
            && pszName[1] == '.'
            && (pszName[2] == '\0' || RTPATH_IS_SLASH(pszName[2])) )
            return true;
        while (*pszName && !RTPATH_IS_SEP(*pszName))
            pszName++;
    }

    return false;
}


#if !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(RT_OS_OS2)

/**
 * Queries the user ID to use when extracting a member.
 *
 * @returns rcExit or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   pUser               The user info.
 * @param   pszName             The file name to use when complaining.
 * @param   rcExit              The current exit code.
 * @param   pUid                Where to return the user ID.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarQueryExtractOwner(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, PCRTFSOBJINFO pOwner, const char *pszName, RTEXITCODE rcExit,
                                            PRTUID pUid)
{
    if (pOpts->uidOwner != NIL_RTUID)
        *pUid = pOpts->uidOwner;
    else if (pOpts->fPreserveGroup)
    {
        if (!pOwner->Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName[0])
             *pUid = pOwner->Attr.u.UnixOwner.uid;
        else
        {
            *pUid = NIL_RTUID;
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: User resolving is not implemented.", pszName);
        }
    }
    else
        *pUid = NIL_RTUID;
    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * Queries the group ID to use when extracting a member.
 *
 * @returns rcExit or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   pGroup              The group info.
 * @param   pszName             The file name to use when complaining.
 * @param   rcExit              The current exit code.
 * @param   pGid                Where to return the group ID.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarQueryExtractGroup(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, PCRTFSOBJINFO pGroup, const char *pszName, RTEXITCODE rcExit,
                                            PRTGID pGid)
{
    if (pOpts->gidGroup != NIL_RTGID)
        *pGid = pOpts->gidGroup;
    else if (pOpts->fPreserveGroup)
    {
        if (!pGroup->Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName[0])
            *pGid = pGroup->Attr.u.UnixGroup.gid;
        else
        {
            *pGid = NIL_RTGID;
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Group resolving is not implemented.", pszName);
        }
    }
    else
        *pGid = NIL_RTGID;
    return rcExit;
}

#endif /* !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(RT_OS_OS2) */


/**
 * Corrects the file mode and other attributes.
 *
 * Common worker for rtZipTarCmdExtractFile and rtZipTarCmdExtractHardlink.
 *
 * @returns rcExit or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   rcExit              The current exit code.
 * @param   hFile               The handle to the destination file.
 * @param   pszDst              The destination path (for error reporting).
 * @param   pUnixInfo           The unix fs object info.
 * @param   pOwner              The owner info.
 * @param   pGroup              The group info.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdExtractSetAttribs(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTEXITCODE rcExit, RTFILE hFile, const char *pszDst,
                                               PCRTFSOBJINFO pUnixInfo, PCRTFSOBJINFO pOwner, PCRTFSOBJINFO pGroup)
{
    int rc;

    if (!pOpts->fNoModTime)
    {
        rc = RTFileSetTimes(hFile, NULL, &pUnixInfo->ModificationTime, NULL, NULL);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error setting times: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);
    }

#if !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(RT_OS_OS2)
    if (   pOpts->uidOwner != NIL_RTUID
        || pOpts->gidGroup != NIL_RTGID
        || pOpts->fPreserveOwner
        || pOpts->fPreserveGroup)
    {
        RTUID uidFile;
        rcExit = rtZipTarQueryExtractOwner(pOpts, pOwner, pszDst, rcExit, &uidFile);

        RTGID gidFile;
        rcExit = rtZipTarQueryExtractGroup(pOpts, pGroup, pszDst, rcExit, &gidFile);
        if (uidFile != NIL_RTUID || gidFile != NIL_RTGID)
        {
            rc = RTFileSetOwner(hFile, uidFile, gidFile);
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error owner/group: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);
        }
    }
#else
    RT_NOREF_PV(pOwner); RT_NOREF_PV(pGroup);
#endif

    RTFMODE fMode = (pUnixInfo->Attr.fMode & pOpts->fFileModeAndMask) | pOpts->fFileModeOrMask;
    rc = RTFileSetMode(hFile, fMode | RTFS_TYPE_FILE);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error changing mode: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);

    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * Extracts a hard linked file.
 *
 * @returns rcExit or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   rcExit              The current exit code.
 * @param   pszDst              The destination path.
 * @param   pszTarget           The target relative path.
 * @param   pUnixInfo           The unix fs object info.
 * @param   pOwner              The owner info.
 * @param   pGroup              The group info.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdExtractHardlink(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTEXITCODE rcExit, const char *pszDst,
                                             const char *pszTarget, PCRTFSOBJINFO pUnixInfo, PCRTFSOBJINFO pOwner,
                                             PCRTFSOBJINFO pGroup)
{
    /*
     * Construct full target path and check that it exists.
     */
    char szFullTarget[RTPATH_MAX];
    int rc = RTPathJoin(szFullTarget, sizeof(szFullTarget), pOpts->pszDirectory ? pOpts->pszDirectory : ".", pszTarget);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Failed to construct full hardlink target path for %s: %Rrc",
                                     pszDst, pszTarget, rc);

    if (!RTFileExists(szFullTarget))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Hardlink target not found (or not a file): %s", pszDst, szFullTarget);

    /*
     * Try hardlink the file, falling back on copying.
     */
    /** @todo actual hardlinking */
    if (true)
    {
        RTMsgWarning("%s: Hardlinking not available, copying '%s' instead.", pszDst, szFullTarget);

        RTFILE hSrcFile;
        rc = RTFileOpen(&hSrcFile, szFullTarget, RTFILE_O_READ | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_OPEN);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            uint32_t fOpen = RTFILE_O_READWRITE | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_CREATE_REPLACE | RTFILE_O_ACCESS_ATTR_DEFAULT
                           | ((RTFS_UNIX_IWUSR | RTFS_UNIX_IRUSR) << RTFILE_O_CREATE_MODE_SHIFT);
            RTFILE hDstFile;
            rc = RTFileOpen(&hDstFile, pszDst, fOpen);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                rc = RTFileCopyByHandles(hSrcFile, hDstFile);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                {
                    rcExit = rtZipTarCmdExtractSetAttribs(pOpts, rcExit, hDstFile, pszDst, pUnixInfo, pOwner, pGroup);
                    rc = RTFileClose(hDstFile);
                    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    {
                        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error closing hardlinked file copy: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);
                        RTFileDelete(pszDst);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Failed copying hardlinked file '%s': %Rrc", pszDst, szFullTarget, rc);
                    rc = RTFileClose(hDstFile);
                    RTFileDelete(pszDst);
                }
            }
            else
                rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error creating file: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);
            RTFileClose(hSrcFile);
        }
        else
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error opening file '%s' for reading (hardlink target): %Rrc",
                                           pszDst, szFullTarget, rc);
    }

    return rcExit;
}



/**
 * Extracts a file.
 *
 * Since we can restore permissions and attributes more efficiently by working
 * directly on the file handle, we have special code path for files.
 *
 * @returns rcExit or RTEXITCODE_FAILURE.
 * @param   pOpts               The tar options.
 * @param   hVfsObj             The tar object to display
 * @param   rcExit              The current exit code.
 * @param   pszDst              The destination path.
 * @param   pUnixInfo           The unix fs object info.
 * @param   pOwner              The owner info.
 * @param   pGroup              The group info.
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdExtractFile(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSOBJ hVfsObj, RTEXITCODE rcExit,
                                         const char *pszDst, PCRTFSOBJINFO pUnixInfo, PCRTFSOBJINFO pOwner, PCRTFSOBJINFO pGroup)
{
    /*
     * Open the destination file and create a stream object for it.
     */
    uint32_t fOpen = RTFILE_O_READWRITE | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE | RTFILE_O_CREATE_REPLACE | RTFILE_O_ACCESS_ATTR_DEFAULT
                   | ((RTFS_UNIX_IWUSR | RTFS_UNIX_IRUSR) << RTFILE_O_CREATE_MODE_SHIFT);
    RTFILE hFile;
    int rc = RTFileOpen(&hFile, pszDst, fOpen);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error creating file: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);

    RTVFSIOSTREAM hVfsIosDst;
    rc = RTVfsIoStrmFromRTFile(hFile, fOpen, true /*fLeaveOpen*/, &hVfsIosDst);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        /*
         * Convert source to a stream and optionally add a read ahead stage.
         */
        RTVFSIOSTREAM hVfsIosSrc = RTVfsObjToIoStream(hVfsObj);
        if (pOpts->fReadAhead)
        {
            RTVFSIOSTREAM hVfsReadAhead;
            rc = RTVfsCreateReadAheadForIoStream(hVfsIosSrc, 0 /*fFlag*/, 16 /*cBuffers*/, _256K /*cbBuffer*/, &hVfsReadAhead);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIosSrc);
                hVfsIosSrc = hVfsReadAhead;
            }
            else
                AssertRC(rc); /* can be ignored in release builds. */
        }

        /*
         * Pump the data thru and correct the file attributes.
         */
        rc = RTVfsUtilPumpIoStreams(hVfsIosSrc, hVfsIosDst, (uint32_t)RT_MIN(pUnixInfo->cbObject, _1M));
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            rcExit = rtZipTarCmdExtractSetAttribs(pOpts, rcExit, hFile, pszDst, pUnixInfo, pOwner, pGroup);
        else
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error writing out file: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIosSrc);
        RTVfsIoStrmRelease(hVfsIosDst);
    }
    else
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error creating I/O stream for file: %Rrc", pszDst, rc);
    RTFileClose(hFile);
    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * @callback_method_impl{PFNDOWITHMEMBER, Implements --extract.}
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdExtractCallback(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSOBJ hVfsObj, const char *pszName, RTEXITCODE rcExit)
{
    if (pOpts->fVerbose)
        RTPrintf("%s\n", pszName);

    /*
     * Query all the information.
     */
    RTFSOBJINFO UnixInfo;
    int rc = RTVfsObjQueryInfo(hVfsObj, &UnixInfo, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsObjQueryInfo returned %Rrc on '%s'", rc, pszName);

    RTFSOBJINFO Owner;
    rc = RTVfsObjQueryInfo(hVfsObj, &Owner, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_OWNER);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_FAILURE,
                              "RTVfsObjQueryInfo(,,UNIX_OWNER) returned %Rrc on '%s'",
                              rc, pszName);

    RTFSOBJINFO Group;
    rc = RTVfsObjQueryInfo(hVfsObj, &Group, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_GROUP);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_FAILURE,
                              "RTVfsObjQueryInfo(,,UNIX_OWNER) returned %Rrc on '%s'",
                              rc, pszName);

    bool fIsHardLink = false;
    char szTarget[RTPATH_MAX];
    szTarget[0] = '\0';
    RTVFSSYMLINK hVfsSymlink = RTVfsObjToSymlink(hVfsObj);
    if (hVfsSymlink != NIL_RTVFSSYMLINK)
    {
        rc = RTVfsSymlinkRead(hVfsSymlink, szTarget, sizeof(szTarget));
        RTVfsSymlinkRelease(hVfsSymlink);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: RTVfsSymlinkRead failed: %Rrc", pszName, rc);
        if (!szTarget[0])
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Link target is empty.", pszName);
        if (!RTFS_IS_SYMLINK(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode))
        {
            fIsHardLink = true;
            if (!RTFS_IS_FILE(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode))
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Hardlinks are only supported for regular files (target=%s).",
                                             pszName, szTarget);
            if (rtZipTarHasEscapeSequence(pszName))
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Hardlink target '%s' contains an escape sequence.",
                                             pszName, szTarget);
        }
    }
    else if (RTFS_IS_SYMLINK(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to get symlink object for '%s'", pszName);

    if (rtZipTarHasEscapeSequence(pszName))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Name '%s' contains an escape sequence.", pszName);

    /*
     * Construct the path to the extracted member.
     */
    char szDst[RTPATH_MAX];
    rc = RTPathJoin(szDst, sizeof(szDst), pOpts->pszDirectory ? pOpts->pszDirectory : ".", pszName);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Failed to construct destination path for: %Rrc", pszName, rc);

    /*
     * Extract according to the type.
     */
    if (!fIsHardLink)
        switch (UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_TYPE_MASK)
        {
            case RTFS_TYPE_FILE:
                return rtZipTarCmdExtractFile(pOpts, hVfsObj, rcExit, szDst, &UnixInfo, &Owner, &Group);

            case RTFS_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
                rc = RTDirCreateFullPath(szDst, UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_ALL_ACCESS_PERMS);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error creating directory: %Rrc", szDst, rc);
                break;

            case RTFS_TYPE_SYMLINK:
                rc = RTSymlinkCreate(szDst, szTarget, RTSYMLINKTYPE_UNKNOWN, 0);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error creating symbolic link: %Rrc", szDst, rc);
                break;

            case RTFS_TYPE_FIFO:
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: FIFOs are not supported.", pszName);
            case RTFS_TYPE_DEV_CHAR:
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: FIFOs are not supported.", pszName);
            case RTFS_TYPE_DEV_BLOCK:
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Block devices are not supported.", pszName);
            case RTFS_TYPE_SOCKET:
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Sockets are not supported.", pszName);
            case RTFS_TYPE_WHITEOUT:
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Whiteouts are not support.", pszName);
            default:
                return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Unknown file type.", pszName);
        }
    else
        return rtZipTarCmdExtractHardlink(pOpts, rcExit, szDst, szTarget, &UnixInfo, &Owner, &Group);

    /*
     * Set other attributes as requested.
     *
     * Note! File extraction does get here.
     */
    if (!pOpts->fNoModTime)
    {
        rc = RTPathSetTimesEx(szDst, NULL, &UnixInfo.ModificationTime, NULL, NULL, RTPATH_F_ON_LINK);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc) && rc != VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED && rc != VERR_NS_SYMLINK_SET_TIME)
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error changing modification time: %Rrc.", pszName, rc);
    }

#if !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) && !defined(RT_OS_OS2)
    if (   pOpts->uidOwner != NIL_RTUID
        || pOpts->gidGroup != NIL_RTGID
        || pOpts->fPreserveOwner
        || pOpts->fPreserveGroup)
    {
        RTUID uidFile;
        rcExit = rtZipTarQueryExtractOwner(pOpts, &Owner, szDst, rcExit, &uidFile);

        RTGID gidFile;
        rcExit = rtZipTarQueryExtractGroup(pOpts, &Group, szDst, rcExit, &gidFile);
        if (uidFile != NIL_RTUID || gidFile != NIL_RTGID)
        {
            rc = RTPathSetOwnerEx(szDst, uidFile, gidFile, RTPATH_F_ON_LINK);
            if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error owner/group: %Rrc", szDst, rc);
        }
    }
#endif

#if !defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) /** @todo implement RTPathSetMode on windows... */
    if (!RTFS_IS_SYMLINK(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode)) /* RTPathSetMode follows symbolic links atm. */
    {
        RTFMODE fMode;
        if (RTFS_IS_DIRECTORY(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode))
            fMode = (UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & (pOpts->fDirModeAndMask  | RTFS_TYPE_MASK)) | pOpts->fDirModeOrMask;
        else
            fMode = (UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & (pOpts->fFileModeAndMask | RTFS_TYPE_MASK)) | pOpts->fFileModeOrMask;
        rc = RTPathSetMode(szDst, fMode);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("%s: Error changing mode: %Rrc", szDst, rc);
    }
#endif

    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * @callback_method_impl{PFNDOWITHMEMBER, Implements --list.}
 */
static RTEXITCODE rtZipTarCmdListCallback(PRTZIPTARCMDOPS pOpts, RTVFSOBJ hVfsObj, const char *pszName, RTEXITCODE rcExit)
{
    /*
     * This is very simple in non-verbose mode.
     */
    if (!pOpts->fVerbose)
    {
        RTPrintf("%s\n", pszName);
        return rcExit;
    }

    /*
     * Query all the information.
     */
    RTFSOBJINFO UnixInfo;
    int rc = RTVfsObjQueryInfo(hVfsObj, &UnixInfo, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsObjQueryInfo returned %Rrc on '%s'", rc, pszName);
        RT_ZERO(UnixInfo);
    }

    RTFSOBJINFO Owner;
    rc = RTVfsObjQueryInfo(hVfsObj, &Owner, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_OWNER);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_FAILURE,
                                "RTVfsObjQueryInfo(,,UNIX_OWNER) returned %Rrc on '%s'",
                                rc, pszName);
        RT_ZERO(Owner);
    }

    RTFSOBJINFO Group;
    rc = RTVfsObjQueryInfo(hVfsObj, &Group, RTFSOBJATTRADD_UNIX_GROUP);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_FAILURE,
                                "RTVfsObjQueryInfo(,,UNIX_OWNER) returned %Rrc on '%s'",
                                rc, pszName);
        RT_ZERO(Group);
    }

    const char *pszLinkType = NULL;
    char szTarget[RTPATH_MAX];
    szTarget[0] = '\0';
    RTVFSSYMLINK hVfsSymlink = RTVfsObjToSymlink(hVfsObj);
    if (hVfsSymlink != NIL_RTVFSSYMLINK)
    {
        rc = RTVfsSymlinkRead(hVfsSymlink, szTarget, sizeof(szTarget));
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTVfsSymlinkRead returned %Rrc on '%s'", rc, pszName);
        RTVfsSymlinkRelease(hVfsSymlink);
        pszLinkType = RTFS_IS_SYMLINK(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode) ? "->" : "link to";
    }
    else if (RTFS_IS_SYMLINK(UnixInfo.Attr.fMode))
        rcExit = RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Failed to get symlink object for '%s'", pszName);

    /*
     * Translate the mode mask.
     */
    char szMode[16];
    switch (UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_TYPE_MASK)
    {
        case RTFS_TYPE_FIFO:        szMode[0] = 'f'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_DEV_CHAR:    szMode[0] = 'c'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_DIRECTORY:   szMode[0] = 'd'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_DEV_BLOCK:   szMode[0] = 'b'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_FILE:        szMode[0] = '-'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_SYMLINK:     szMode[0] = 'l'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_SOCKET:      szMode[0] = 's'; break;
        case RTFS_TYPE_WHITEOUT:    szMode[0] = 'w'; break;
        default:                    szMode[0] = '?'; break;
    }
    if (pszLinkType && szMode[0] != 's')
        szMode[0] = 'h';

    szMode[1] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IRUSR ? 'r' : '-';
    szMode[2] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IWUSR ? 'w' : '-';
    szMode[3] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IXUSR ? 'x' : '-';

    szMode[4] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IRGRP ? 'r' : '-';
    szMode[5] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IWGRP ? 'w' : '-';
    szMode[6] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IXGRP ? 'x' : '-';

    szMode[7] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IROTH ? 'r' : '-';
    szMode[8] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IWOTH ? 'w' : '-';
    szMode[9] = UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_UNIX_IXOTH ? 'x' : '-';
    szMode[10] = '\0';

    /** @todo sticky and set-uid/gid bits. */

    /*
     * Make sure we've got valid owner and group strings.
     */
    if (!Owner.Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName[0])
        RTStrPrintf(Owner.Attr.u.UnixOwner.szName, sizeof(Owner.Attr.u.UnixOwner.szName),
                    "%u", UnixInfo.Attr.u.Unix.uid);

    if (!Group.Attr.u.UnixOwner.szName[0])
        RTStrPrintf(Group.Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName, sizeof(Group.Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName),
                    "%u", UnixInfo.Attr.u.Unix.gid);

    /*
     * Format the modification time.
     */
    char       szModTime[32];
    RTTIME     ModTime;
    PRTTIME    pTime;
    if (!pOpts->fDisplayUtc)
        pTime = RTTimeLocalExplode(&ModTime, &UnixInfo.ModificationTime);
    else
        pTime = RTTimeExplode(&ModTime, &UnixInfo.ModificationTime);
    if (!pTime)
        RT_ZERO(ModTime);
    RTStrPrintf(szModTime, sizeof(szModTime), "%04d-%02u-%02u %02u:%02u",
                ModTime.i32Year, ModTime.u8Month, ModTime.u8MonthDay, ModTime.u8Hour, ModTime.u8Minute);

    /*
     * Format the size and figure how much space is needed between the
     * user/group and the size.
     */
    char   szSize[64];
    size_t cchSize;
    switch (UnixInfo.Attr.fMode & RTFS_TYPE_MASK)
    {
        case RTFS_TYPE_DEV_CHAR:
        case RTFS_TYPE_DEV_BLOCK:
            cchSize = RTStrPrintf(szSize, sizeof(szSize), "%u,%u",
                                  RTDEV_MAJOR(UnixInfo.Attr.u.Unix.Device), RTDEV_MINOR(UnixInfo.Attr.u.Unix.Device));
            break;
        default:
            cchSize = RTStrPrintf(szSize, sizeof(szSize), "%RU64", UnixInfo.cbObject);
            break;
    }

    size_t cchUserGroup = strlen(Owner.Attr.u.UnixOwner.szName)
                        + 1
                        + strlen(Group.Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName);
    ssize_t cchPad = cchUserGroup + cchSize + 1 < 19
                   ? 19 - (cchUserGroup + cchSize + 1)
                   : 0;

    /*
     * Go to press.
     */
    if (pszLinkType)
        RTPrintf("%s %s/%s%*s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
                 szMode,
                 Owner.Attr.u.UnixOwner.szName, Group.Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName,
                 cchPad, "",
                 szSize,
                 szModTime,
                 pszName,
                 pszLinkType,
                 szTarget);
    else
        RTPrintf("%s %s/%s%*s %s %s %s\n",
                 szMode,
                 Owner.Attr.u.UnixOwner.szName, Group.Attr.u.UnixGroup.szName,
                 cchPad, "",
                 szSize,
                 szModTime,
                 pszName);

    return rcExit;
}


/**
 * Display usage.
 *
 * @param   pszProgName         The program name.
 */
static void rtZipTarUsage(const char *pszProgName)
{
    /*
     *        0         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8
     *        012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
     */
    RTPrintf("Usage: %s [options]\n"
             "\n",
             pszProgName);
    RTPrintf("Operations:\n"
             "    -A, --concatenate, --catenate\n"
             "        Append the content of one tar archive to another. (not impl)\n"
             "    -c, --create\n"
             "        Create a new tar archive. (not impl)\n"
             "    -d, --diff, --compare\n"
             "        Compare atar archive with the file system. (not impl)\n"
             "    -r, --append\n"
             "        Append more files to the tar archive. (not impl)\n"
             "    -t, --list\n"
             "        List the contents of the tar archive.\n"
             "    -u, --update\n"
             "        Update the archive, adding files that are newer than the\n"
             "        ones in the archive. (not impl)\n"
             "    -x, --extract, --get\n"
             "        Extract the files from the tar archive.\n"
             "    --delete\n"
             "        Delete files from the tar archive.\n"
             "\n"
             );
    RTPrintf("Basic Options:\n"
             "    -C <dir>, --directory <dir>           (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Sets the base directory for input and output file members.\n"
             "        This does not apply to --file, even if it preceeds it.\n"
             "    -f <archive>, --file <archive>        (all)\n"
             "        The tar file to create or process. '-' indicates stdout/stdin,\n"
             "        which is is the default.\n"
             "    -v, --verbose                         (all)\n"
             "        Verbose operation.\n"
             "    -p, --preserve-permissions            (-x)\n"
             "        Preserve all permissions when extracting.  Must be used\n"
             "        before the mode mask options as it will change some of these.\n"
             "    -j, --bzip2                           (all)\n"
             "        Compress/decompress the archive with bzip2.\n"
             "    -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip        (all)\n"
             "        Compress/decompress the archive with gzip.\n"
             "\n");
    RTPrintf("Misc Options:\n"
             "    --owner <uid/username>                (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Set the owner of extracted and archived files to the user specified.\n"
             "    --group <uid/username>                (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Set the group of extracted and archived files to the group specified.\n"
             "    --utc                                 (-t)\n"
             "        Display timestamps as UTC instead of local time.\n"
             "    -S, --sparse                          (-A, -c, -u)\n"
             "        Detect sparse files and store them (gnu tar extension).\n"
             "    --format <format>                     (-A, -c, -u, but also -d, -r, -x)\n"
             "        The file format:\n"
             "                  auto (gnu tar)\n"
             "                  default (gnu tar)\n"
             "                  tar (gnu tar)"
             "                  gnu (tar v1.13+), "
             "                  ustar (tar POSIX.1-1988), "
             "                  pax (tar POSIX.1-2001),\n"
             "                  xar\n"
             "                  cpio\n"
             "        Note! Because XAR/TAR/CPIO detection isn't implemented yet, it\n"
             "              is necessary to specifcy --format=xar when reading a\n"
             "              XAR file or --format=cpio for a CPIO file.\n"
             "              Otherwise this option is only for creation.\n"
             "\n");
    RTPrintf("IPRT Options:\n"
             "    --prefix <dir-prefix>                 (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u)\n"
             "        Directory prefix to give the members added to the archive.\n"
             "    --file-mode-and-mask <octal-mode>     (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Restrict the access mode of regular and special files.\n"
             "    --file-mode-or-mask <octal-mode>      (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Include the given access mode for regular and special files.\n"
             "    --dir-mode-and-mask <octal-mode>      (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Restrict the access mode of directories.\n"
             "    --dir-mode-or-mask <octal-mode>       (-A, -c, -d, -r, -u, -x)\n"
             "        Include the given access mode for directories.\n"
             "    --read-ahead                          (-x)\n"
             "        Enabled read ahead thread when extracting files.\n"
             "    --push-file                           (-A, -c, -u)\n"
             "        Use RTVfsFsStrmPushFile instead of RTVfsFsStrmAdd.\n"
             "\n");
    RTPrintf("Standard Options:\n"
             "    -h, -?, --help\n"
             "        Display this help text.\n"
             "    -V, --version\n"
             "        Display version number.\n");
}


RTDECL(RTEXITCODE) RTZipTarCmd(unsigned cArgs, char **papszArgs)
{
    /*
     * Parse the command line.
     *
     * N.B. This is less flexible that your regular tar program in that it
     *      requires the operation to be specified as an option.  On the other
     *      hand, you can specify it where ever you like in the command line.
     */
    static const RTGETOPTDEF s_aOptions[] =
    {
        /* operations */
        { "--concatenate",          'A',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--catenate",             'A',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--create",               'c',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--diff",                 'd',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--compare",              'd',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--append",               'r',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--list",                 't',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--update",               'u',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--extract",              'x',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--get",                  'x',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--delete",               RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DELETE,             RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },

        /* basic options */
        { "--directory",            'C',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
        { "--file",                 'f',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
        { "--verbose",              'v',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--preserve-permissions", 'p',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--bzip2",                'j',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--gzip",                 'z',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--gunzip",               'z',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--ungzip",               'z',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },

        /* other options. */
        { "--owner",                RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_OWNER,              RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
        { "--group",                RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_GROUP,              RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
        { "--utc",                  RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_UTC,                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--sparse",               'S',                                RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--format",               RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FORMAT,             RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
        { "--no-recursion",         RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_NO_RECURSION,       RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },

        /* IPRT extensions */
        { "--prefix",               RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_PREFIX,             RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
        { "--file-mode-and-mask",   RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FILE_MODE_AND_MASK, RTGETOPT_REQ_UINT32 | RTGETOPT_FLAG_OCT },
        { "--file-mode-or-mask",    RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FILE_MODE_OR_MASK,  RTGETOPT_REQ_UINT32 | RTGETOPT_FLAG_OCT },
        { "--dir-mode-and-mask",    RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DIR_MODE_AND_MASK,  RTGETOPT_REQ_UINT32 | RTGETOPT_FLAG_OCT },
        { "--dir-mode-or-mask",     RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DIR_MODE_OR_MASK,   RTGETOPT_REQ_UINT32 | RTGETOPT_FLAG_OCT },
        { "--read-ahead",           RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_READ_AHEAD,         RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
        { "--use-push-file",        RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_USE_PUSH_FILE,      RTGETOPT_REQ_NOTHING },
    };

    RTGETOPTSTATE GetState;
    int rc = RTGetOptInit(&GetState, cArgs, papszArgs, s_aOptions, RT_ELEMENTS(s_aOptions), 1,
                          RTGETOPTINIT_FLAGS_OPTS_FIRST);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("RTGetOpt failed: %Rrc", rc);

    RTZIPTARCMDOPS Opts;
    RT_ZERO(Opts);
    Opts.enmFormat = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_AUTO_DEFAULT;
    Opts.uidOwner = NIL_RTUID;
    Opts.gidGroup = NIL_RTUID;
    Opts.fFileModeAndMask = RTFS_UNIX_ALL_ACCESS_PERMS;
    Opts.fDirModeAndMask  = RTFS_UNIX_ALL_ACCESS_PERMS;
#if 0
    if (RTPermIsSuperUser())
    {
        Opts.fFileModeAndMask = RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
        Opts.fDirModeAndMask  = RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
        Opts.fPreserveOwner   = true;
        Opts.fPreserveGroup   = true;
    }
#endif
    Opts.enmTarFormat = RTZIPTARFORMAT_DEFAULT;
    Opts.fRecursive   = true; /* Recursion is implicit unless otherwise specified. */

    RTGETOPTUNION   ValueUnion;
    while (   (rc = RTGetOpt(&GetState, &ValueUnion)) != 0
           && rc != VINF_GETOPT_NOT_OPTION)
    {
        switch (rc)
        {
            /* operations */
            case 'A':
            case 'c':
            case 'd':
            case 'r':
            case 't':
            case 'u':
            case 'x':
            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DELETE:
                if (Opts.iOperation)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "Conflicting tar operation (%s already set, now %s)",
                                          Opts.pszOperation, ValueUnion.pDef->pszLong);
                Opts.iOperation   = rc;
                Opts.pszOperation = ValueUnion.pDef->pszLong;
                break;

            /* basic options */
            case 'C':
                if (Opts.pszDirectory)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "You may only specify -C/--directory once");
                Opts.pszDirectory = ValueUnion.psz;
                break;

            case 'f':
                if (Opts.pszFile)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "You may only specify -f/--file once");
                Opts.pszFile = ValueUnion.psz;
                break;

            case 'v':
                Opts.fVerbose = true;
                break;

            case 'p':
                Opts.fFileModeAndMask   = RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
                Opts.fDirModeAndMask    = RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
                Opts.fPreserveOwner     = true;
                Opts.fPreserveGroup     = true;
                break;

            case 'j':
            case 'z':
                if (Opts.chZipper)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "You may only specify one compressor / decompressor");
                Opts.chZipper = rc;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_OWNER:
                if (Opts.pszOwner)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "You may only specify --owner once");
                Opts.pszOwner = ValueUnion.psz;

                rc = RTStrToUInt32Full(Opts.pszOwner, 0, &ValueUnion.u32);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && rc != VINF_SUCCESS)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX,
                                          "Error convering --owner '%s' into a number: %Rrc", Opts.pszOwner, rc);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                {
                    Opts.uidOwner = ValueUnion.u32;
                    Opts.pszOwner = NULL;
                }
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_GROUP:
                if (Opts.pszGroup)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "You may only specify --group once");
                Opts.pszGroup = ValueUnion.psz;

                rc = RTStrToUInt32Full(Opts.pszGroup, 0, &ValueUnion.u32);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && rc != VINF_SUCCESS)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX,
                                          "Error convering --group '%s' into a number: %Rrc", Opts.pszGroup, rc);
                if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                {
                    Opts.gidGroup = ValueUnion.u32;
                    Opts.pszGroup = NULL;
                }
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_UTC:
                Opts.fDisplayUtc = true;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_NO_RECURSION:
                Opts.fRecursive = false;
                break;

            /* GNU */
            case 'S':
                Opts.fTarCreate |= RTZIPTAR_C_SPARSE;
                break;

            /* iprt extensions */
            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_PREFIX:
                if (Opts.pszPrefix)
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "You may only specify --prefix once");
                Opts.pszPrefix = ValueUnion.psz;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FILE_MODE_AND_MASK:
                Opts.fFileModeAndMask = ValueUnion.u32 & RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FILE_MODE_OR_MASK:
                Opts.fFileModeOrMask  = ValueUnion.u32 & RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DIR_MODE_AND_MASK:
                Opts.fDirModeAndMask  = ValueUnion.u32 & RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DIR_MODE_OR_MASK:
                Opts.fDirModeOrMask   = ValueUnion.u32 & RTFS_UNIX_ALL_PERMS;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_FORMAT:
                if (!strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "auto") || !strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "default"))
                {
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_AUTO_DEFAULT;
                    Opts.enmTarFormat = RTZIPTARFORMAT_DEFAULT;
                }
                else if (!strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "tar"))
                {
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR;
                    Opts.enmTarFormat = RTZIPTARFORMAT_DEFAULT;
                }
                else if (!strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "gnu"))
                {
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR;
                    Opts.enmTarFormat = RTZIPTARFORMAT_GNU;
                }
                else if (!strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "ustar"))
                {
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR;
                    Opts.enmTarFormat = RTZIPTARFORMAT_USTAR;
                }
                else if (   !strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "posix")
                         || !strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "pax"))
                {
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_TAR;
                    Opts.enmTarFormat = RTZIPTARFORMAT_PAX;
                }
                else if (!strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "xar"))
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_XAR;
                else if (!strcmp(ValueUnion.psz, "cpio"))
                    Opts.enmFormat    = RTZIPTARCMDFORMAT_CPIO;
                else
                    return RTMsgErrorExit(RTEXITCODE_SYNTAX, "Unknown archive format: '%s'", ValueUnion.psz);
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_READ_AHEAD:
                Opts.fReadAhead = true;
                break;

            case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_USE_PUSH_FILE:
                Opts.fUsePushFile = true;
                break;

            /* Standard bits. */
            case 'h':
                rtZipTarUsage(RTPathFilename(papszArgs[0]));
                return RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;

            case 'V':
                RTPrintf("%sr%d\n", RTBldCfgVersion(), RTBldCfgRevision());
                return RTEXITCODE_SUCCESS;

            default:
                return RTGetOptPrintError(rc, &ValueUnion);
        }
    }

    if (rc == VINF_GETOPT_NOT_OPTION)
    {
        /* this is kind of ugly. */
        Assert((unsigned)GetState.iNext - 1 <= cArgs);
        Opts.papszFiles = (const char * const *)&papszArgs[GetState.iNext - 1];
        Opts.cFiles     = cArgs - GetState.iNext + 1;
    }

    if (!Opts.pszFile)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("No archive specified");

    /*
     * Post proceess the options.
     */
    if (Opts.iOperation == 0)
    {
        Opts.iOperation   = 't';
        Opts.pszOperation = "--list";
    }

    if (   Opts.iOperation == 'x'
        && Opts.pszOwner)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("The use of --owner with %s has not implemented yet", Opts.pszOperation);

    if (   Opts.iOperation == 'x'
        && Opts.pszGroup)
        return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("The use of --group with %s has not implemented yet", Opts.pszOperation);

    /*
     * Do the job.
     */
    switch (Opts.iOperation)
    {
        case 't':
            return rtZipTarDoWithMembers(&Opts, rtZipTarCmdListCallback);

        case 'x':
            return rtZipTarDoWithMembers(&Opts, rtZipTarCmdExtractCallback);

        case 'c':
            return rtZipTarCreate(&Opts);

        case 'A':
        case 'd':
        case 'r':
        case 'u':
        case RTZIPTARCMD_OPT_DELETE:
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("The operation %s is not implemented yet", Opts.pszOperation);

        default:
            return RTMsgErrorExitFailure("Internal error");
    }
}

