---
title: Colors
description: Convey meaning through `color` with a handful of color utility classes. Includes support for styling links with hover states, too.
toc: true
---

import { getData } from '@libs/data'

<Callout name="warning-color-assistive-technologies" />

## Colors

Colorize text with color utilities. If you want to colorize links, you can use the [`.link-*` helper classes]([[docsref:/helpers/colored-links]]) which have `:hover` and `:focus` states.

<Callout>
Color utilities like `.text-*` that generated from our original `$theme-colors` Sass map don’t yet respond to color modes, however, any `.text-*-emphasis` utility will. This will be resolved in v6.
</Callout>

<Example code={[
  ...getData('theme-colors').map((themeColor) => `<p class="text-${themeColor.name}${themeColor.contrast_color ? ` bg-${themeColor.contrast_color}` : ``}">.text-${themeColor.name}</p>
<p class="text-${themeColor.name}-emphasis">.text-${themeColor.name}-emphasis</p>`),
  `
<p class="text-body">.text-body</p>
<p class="text-body-emphasis">.text-body-emphasis</p>
<p class="text-body-secondary">.text-body-secondary</p>
<p class="text-body-tertiary">.text-body-tertiary</p>

<p class="text-black bg-white">.text-black</p>
<p class="text-white bg-dark">.text-white</p>
<p class="text-black-50 bg-white">.text-black-50</p>
<p class="text-white-50 bg-dark">.text-white-50</p>`
]} />

<Callout type="warning">
**Deprecation:** With the addition of `.text-opacity-*` utilities and CSS variables for text utilities, `.text-black-50` and `.text-white-50` are deprecated as of v5.1.0. They’ll be removed in v6.0.0.
</Callout>

<Callout type="warning">
**Deprecation:** With the addition of the expanded theme colors and variables, the `.text-muted` utility has been deprecated as of v5.3.0. Its default value has also been reassigned to the new `--bs-secondary-color` CSS variable to better support color modes. It will be removed in v6.0.0.
</Callout>

## Opacity

<AddedIn version="5.1.0" />

As of v5.1.0, text color utilities are generated with Sass using CSS variables. This allows for real-time color changes without compilation and dynamic alpha transparency changes.

### How it works

Consider our default `.text-primary` utility.

```css
.text-primary {
  --bs-text-opacity: 1;
  color: rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb), var(--bs-text-opacity)) !important;
}
```

We use an RGB version of our `--bs-primary` (with the value of `13, 110, 253`) CSS variable and attached a second CSS variable, `--bs-text-opacity`, for the alpha transparency (with a default value `1` thanks to a local CSS variable). That means anytime you use `.text-primary` now, your computed `color` value is `rgba(13, 110, 253, 1)`. The local CSS variable inside each `.text-*` class avoids inheritance issues so nested instances of the utilities don’t automatically have a modified alpha transparency.

### Example

To change that opacity, override `--bs-text-opacity` via custom styles or inline styles.

<Example code={`<div class="text-primary">This is default primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary" style="--bs-text-opacity: .5;">This is 50% opacity primary text</div>`} />

Or, choose from any of the `.text-opacity` utilities:

<Example code={`<div class="text-primary">This is default primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary text-opacity-75">This is 75% opacity primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary text-opacity-50">This is 50% opacity primary text</div>
<div class="text-primary text-opacity-25">This is 25% opacity primary text</div>`} />

## Specificity

Sometimes contextual classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element’s content in a `<div>` or more semantic element with the desired class.

## CSS

In addition to the following Sass functionality, consider reading about our included [CSS custom properties]([[docsref:/customize/css-variables]]) (aka CSS variables) for colors and more.

### Sass variables

Most `color` utilities are generated by our theme colors, reassigned from our generic color palette variables.

<ScssDocs name="color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

<ScssDocs name="theme-color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

Grayscale colors are also available, but only a subset are used to generate any utilities.

<ScssDocs name="gray-color-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

<ScssDocs name="theme-text-map" file="scss/_maps.scss" />

Variables for setting colors in `.text-*-emphasis` utilities in light and dark mode:

<ScssDocs name="theme-text-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

<ScssDocs name="theme-text-dark-variables" file="scss/_variables-dark.scss" />

### Sass maps

Theme colors are then put into a Sass map so we can loop over them to generate our utilities, component modifiers, and more.

<ScssDocs name="theme-colors-map" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

Grayscale colors are also available as a Sass map. **This map is not used to generate any utilities.**

<ScssDocs name="gray-colors-map" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

RGB colors are generated from a separate Sass map:

<ScssDocs name="theme-colors-rgb" file="scss/_maps.scss" />

Color opacities build on that with their own map that’s consumed by the utilities API:

<ScssDocs name="utilities-text-colors" file="scss/_maps.scss" />

Color mode adaptive text colors are also available as a Sass map:

<ScssDocs name="theme-text-map" file="scss/_maps.scss" />

<ScssDocs name="theme-text-dark-map" file="scss/_maps.scss" />

### Sass utilities API

Color utilities are declared in our utilities API in `scss/_utilities.scss`. [Learn how to use the utilities API.]([[docsref:/utilities/api#using-the-api]])

<ScssDocs name="utils-color" file="scss/_utilities.scss" />
