.. _mgr-nfs:

=============================
CephFS & RGW Exports over NFS
=============================

CephFS namespaces and RGW buckets can be exported over NFS protocol
using the `NFS-Ganesha NFS server`_.

The ``nfs`` manager module provides a general interface for managing
NFS exports of either CephFS directories or RGW buckets.  Exports can
be managed either via the CLI ``ceph nfs export ...`` commands
or via the dashboard.

The deployment of the nfs-ganesha daemons can also be managed
automatically if either the :ref:`cephadm` or :ref:`mgr-rook`
orchestrators are enabled.  If neither are in use (e.g., Ceph is
deployed via an external orchestrator like Ansible or Puppet), the
nfs-ganesha daemons must be manually deployed; for more information,
see :ref:`nfs-ganesha-config`.

.. note:: Starting with Ceph Pacific, the ``nfs`` mgr module must be enabled.

NFS Cluster management
======================

.. _nfs-module-cluster-create:

Create NFS Ganesha Cluster
--------------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster create <cluster_id> [<placement>] [--ingress] [--virtual_ip <value>] [--ingress-mode {default|keepalive-only|haproxy-standard|haproxy-protocol}] [--port <int>]

This creates a common recovery pool for all NFS Ganesha daemons, new user based on
``cluster_id``, and a common NFS Ganesha config RADOS object.

.. note:: Since this command also brings up NFS Ganesha daemons using a ceph-mgr
   orchestrator module (see :doc:`/mgr/orchestrator`) such as cephadm or rook, at
   least one such module must be enabled for it to work.

   Currently, NFS Ganesha daemon deployed by cephadm listens on the standard
   port. So only one daemon will be deployed on a host.

``<cluster_id>`` is an arbitrary string by which this NFS Ganesha cluster will be
known (e.g., ``mynfs``).

``<placement>`` is an optional string signifying which hosts should have NFS Ganesha
daemon containers running on them and, optionally, the total number of NFS
Ganesha daemons on the cluster (should you want to have more than one NFS Ganesha
daemon running per node). For example, the following placement string means
"deploy NFS Ganesha daemons on nodes host1 and host2" (one daemon per host)::

    "host1,host2"

and this placement specification says to deploy single NFS Ganesha daemon each
on nodes host1 and host2 (for a total of two NFS Ganesha daemons in the
cluster)::

    "2 host1,host2"

NFS can be deployed on a port other than 2049 (the default) with ``--port <port>``.

To deploy NFS with a high-availability front-end (virtual IP and load balancer), add the
``--ingress`` flag and specify a virtual IP address. This will deploy a combination
of keepalived and haproxy to provide an high-availability NFS frontend for the NFS
service.

.. note:: The ingress implementation is not yet complete.  Enabling
	  ingress will deploy multiple ganesha instances and balance
	  load across them, but a host failure will not immediately
	  cause cephadm to deploy a replacement daemon before the NFS
	  grace period expires.  This high-availability functionality
	  is expected to be completed by the Quincy release (March
	  2022).

For more details, refer :ref:`orchestrator-cli-placement-spec` but keep
in mind that specifying the placement via a YAML file is not supported.

Deployment of NFS daemons and the ingress service is asynchronous: the
command may return before the services have completely started. You may
wish to check that these services do successfully start and stay running.
When using cephadm orchestration, these commands check service status:


.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph orch ls --service_name=nfs.<cluster_id>
   ceph orch ls --service_name=ingress.nfs.<cluster_id>


Ingress
-------

The core *nfs* service will deploy one or more nfs-ganesha daemons,
each of which will provide a working NFS endpoint.  The IP for each
NFS endpoint will depend on which host the nfs-ganesha daemons are
deployed.  By default, daemons are placed semi-randomly, but users can
also explicitly control where daemons are placed; see
:ref:`orchestrator-cli-placement-spec`.

When a cluster is created with ``--ingress``, an *ingress* service is
additionally deployed to provide load balancing and high-availability
for the NFS servers.  A virtual IP is used to provide a known, stable
NFS endpoint that all clients can use to mount.  Ceph will take care
of the details of NFS redirecting traffic on the virtual IP to the
appropriate backend NFS servers, and redeploying NFS servers when they
fail.

An optional ``--ingress-mode`` parameter can be provided to choose
how the *ingress* service is configured:

- Setting ``--ingress-mode keepalive-only`` deploys a simplified *ingress*
  service that provides a virtual IP with the nfs server directly binding to
  that virtual IP and leaves out any sort of load balancing or traffic
  redirection. This setup will restrict users to deploying only 1 nfs daemon
  as multiple cannot bind to the same port on the virtual IP.
- Setting ``--ingress-mode haproxy-standard`` deploys a full *ingress* service
  to provide load balancing and high-availability using HAProxy and keepalived.
  Client IP addresses are not visible to the back-end NFS server and IP level
  restrictions on NFS exports will not function.
- Setting ``--ingress-mode haproxy-protocol`` deploys a full *ingress* service
  to provide load balancing and high-availability using HAProxy and keepalived.
  Client IP addresses are visible to the back-end NFS server and IP level
  restrictions on NFS exports are usable. This mode requires NFS Ganesha version
  5.0 or later.
- Setting ``--ingress-mode default`` is equivalent to not providing any other
  ingress mode by name. When no other ingress mode is specified by name
  the default ingress mode used is ``haproxy-standard``.

Ingress can be added to an existing NFS service (e.g., one initially created
without the ``--ingress`` flag), and the basic NFS service can
also be modified after the fact to include non-default options, by modifying
the services directly.  For more information, see :ref:`cephadm-ha-nfs`.

Show NFS Cluster IP(s)
----------------------

To examine an NFS cluster's IP endpoints, including the IPs for the individual NFS
daemons, and the virtual IP (if any) for the ingress service,

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster info [<cluster_id>]

.. note:: This will not work with the rook backend. Instead, expose the port
   with the kubectl patch command and fetch the port details with kubectl get
   services command:

   .. prompt:: bash #

      kubectl patch service -n rook-ceph -p '{"spec":{"type": "NodePort"}}' rook-ceph-nfs-<cluster-name>-<node-id>
      kubectl get services -n rook-ceph rook-ceph-nfs-<cluster-name>-<node-id>


Delete NFS Ganesha Cluster
--------------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster rm <cluster_id>

This deletes the deployed cluster.


Removal of NFS daemons and the ingress service is asynchronous: the
command may return before the services have been completely deleted. You may
wish to check that these services are no longer reported. When using cephadm
orchestration, these commands check service status:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph orch ls --service_name=nfs.<cluster_id>
   ceph orch ls --service_name=ingress.nfs.<cluster_id>


Updating an NFS Cluster
-----------------------

In order to modify cluster parameters (for example, the port or the placement),
use the orchestrator interface to update the NFS service spec. The safest way
to do that is to export the current spec, modify it, and then re-apply it. For
example, to modify the ``nfs.foo`` service, run commands of the following
forms: 

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph orch ls --service-name nfs.foo --export > nfs.foo.yaml
   emacs nfs.foo.yaml
   ceph orch apply -i nfs.foo.yaml

For more information about the NFS service spec, see
:ref:`deploy-cephadm-nfs-ganesha`.

List NFS Ganesha Clusters
-------------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster ls

This lists deployed clusters.

.. _nfs-cluster-set:

Set Customized NFS Ganesha Configuration
----------------------------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster config set <cluster_id> -i <config_file>

With this the nfs cluster will use the specified config and it will have
precedence over default config blocks.

Example use cases include:

#. Changing log level.  The logging level can be adjusted with the following
   config fragment::

     LOG {
         COMPONENTS {
             ALL = FULL_DEBUG;
         }
     }

#. Adding custom export block.

   The following sample block creates a single export. This export will not be
   managed by the ``ceph nfs export`` interface::

    EXPORT {
      Export_Id = 100;
      Transports = TCP;
      Path = /;
      Pseudo = /ceph/;
      Protocols = 4;
      Access_Type = RW;
      Attr_Expiration_Time = 0;
      Squash = None;
      FSAL {
        Name = CEPH;
        Filesystem = "filesystem name";
        User_Id = "user id";
        Secret_Access_Key = "secret key";
      }
    }

.. note:: User specified in FSAL block should have proper caps for NFS-Ganesha
   daemons to access ceph cluster. User can be created in following way using
   `auth get-or-create`:

   .. prompt:: bash #

      ceph auth get-or-create client.<user_id> mon 'allow r' osd 'allow rw pool=.nfs namespace=<nfs_cluster_name>, allow rw tag cephfs data=<fs_name>' mds 'allow rw path=<export_path>'

View Customized NFS Ganesha Configuration
-----------------------------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster config get <cluster_id>

This will output the user defined configuration (if any).

Reset NFS Ganesha Configuration
-------------------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs cluster config reset <cluster_id>

This removes the user defined configuration.

.. note:: With a rook deployment, ganesha pods must be explicitly restarted
   for the new config blocks to be effective.


Export Management
=================

.. warning:: Currently, the nfs interface is not integrated with dashboard. Both
   dashboard and nfs interface have different export requirements and
   create exports differently. Management of dashboard created exports is not
   supported.

Create CephFS Export
--------------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export create cephfs --cluster-id <cluster_id> --pseudo-path <pseudo_path> --fsname <fsname> [--readonly] [--path=/path/in/cephfs] [--client_addr <value>...] [--squash <value>] [--sectype <value>...] [--cmount_path <value>]

This creates export RADOS objects containing the export block, where

``<cluster_id>`` is the NFS Ganesha cluster ID.

``<pseudo_path>`` is the export position within the NFS v4 Pseudo Filesystem where the export will be available on the server. It must be an absolute path and unique.

``<fsname>`` is the name of the FS volume used by the NFS Ganesha cluster
that will serve this export.

``<path>`` is the path within cephfs. Valid path should be given and default
path is '/'. It need not be unique. Subvolume path can be fetched using:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph fs subvolume getpath <vol_name> <subvol_name> [--group_name <subvol_group_name>]

``<client_addr>`` is the list of client address for which these export
permissions will be applicable. By default all clients can access the export
according to specified export permissions. See the `NFS-Ganesha Export Sample`_
for permissible values.

``<squash>`` defines the kind of user id squashing to be performed. The default
value is ``no_root_squash``. See the `NFS-Ganesha Export Sample`_ for
permissible values.

``<sectype>`` specifies which authentication methods will be used when
connecting to the export. Valid values include "krb5p", "krb5i", "krb5", "sys",
and "none". More than one value can be supplied. The flag may be specified
multiple times (example: ``--sectype=krb5p --sectype=krb5i``) or multiple
values may be separated by a comma (example: ``--sectype krb5p,krb5i``). The
server will negotatiate a supported security type with the client preferring
the supplied methods left-to-right.

.. note:: Specifying values for sectype that require Kerberos will only function on servers
          that are configured to support Kerberos. Setting up NFS-Ganesha to support Kerberos
          can be found here `Kerberos setup for NFS Ganesha in Ceph <https://github.com/nfs-ganesha/nfs-ganesha/wiki/Kerberos-setup-for-NFS-Ganesha-in-Ceph>`_.


.. note:: Export creation is supported only for NFS Ganesha clusters deployed using nfs interface.

Create RGW Export
-----------------

There are two kinds of RGW exports:

- a *user* export will export all buckets owned by an
  RGW user, where the top-level directory of the export is a list of buckets.
- a *bucket* export will export a single bucket, where the top-level directory contains
  the objects in the bucket.

RGW bucket export
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  
To export a *bucket*:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export create rgw --cluster-id <cluster_id> --pseudo-path <pseudo_path> --bucket <bucket_name> [--user-id <user-id>] [--readonly] [--client_addr <value>...] [--squash <value>] [--sectype <value>...]

For example, to export ``mybucket`` via NFS cluster ``mynfs`` at the
pseudo-path ``/bucketdata`` to any host in the ``192.168.10.0/24`` network

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export create rgw --cluster-id mynfs --pseudo-path /bucketdata --bucket mybucket --client_addr 192.168.10.0/24

.. note:: Export creation is supported only for NFS Ganesha clusters deployed
   using nfs interface.

``<cluster_id>`` is the NFS Ganesha cluster ID.

``<pseudo_path>`` is the export position within the NFS v4 Pseudo Filesystem
where the export will be available on the server. It must be an absolute path
and unique.

``<bucket_name>`` is the name of the bucket that will be exported.

``<user_id>`` is optional, and specifies which RGW user will be used for read
and write operations to the bucket.  If it is not specified, the user who owns
the bucket will be used.

.. note:: Currently, if multi-site RGW is enabled, Ceph can only export RGW
   buckets in the default realm.

``<client_addr>`` is the list of client address for which these export
permissions will be applicable. By default all clients can access the export
according to specified export permissions. See the `NFS-Ganesha Export
Sample`_ for permissible values.

``<squash>`` defines the kind of user id squashing to be performed. The
default value is ``no_root_squash``. See the `NFS-Ganesha Export Sample`_ for
permissible values.

``<sectype>`` specifies which authentication methods will be used when
connecting to the export. Valid values include "krb5p", "krb5i", "krb5",
"sys", and "none". More than one value can be supplied. The flag may be
specified multiple times (example: ``--sectype=krb5p --sectype=krb5i``) or
multiple values may be separated by a comma (example: ``--sectype
krb5p,krb5i``). The server will negotatiate a supported security type with the
client preferring the supplied methods left-to-right.

.. note:: Specifying values for sectype that require Kerberos will only
   function on servers that are configured to support Kerberos. Setting up
   NFS-Ganesha to support Kerberos is outside the scope of this document.

RGW user export
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To export an RGW *user*:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export create rgw --cluster-id <cluster_id> --pseudo-path <pseudo_path> --user-id <user-id> [--readonly] [--client_addr <value>...] [--squash <value>]

For example, to export *myuser* via NFS cluster *mynfs* at the pseudo-path */myuser* to any host in the ``192.168.10.0/24`` network

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export create rgw --cluster-id mynfs --pseudo-path /bucketdata --user-id myuser --client_addr 192.168.10.0/24


Delete Export
-------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export rm <cluster_id> <pseudo_path>

This deletes an export in an NFS Ganesha cluster, where:

``<cluster_id>`` is the NFS Ganesha cluster ID.

``<pseudo_path>`` is the pseudo root path (must be an absolute path).

List Exports
------------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export ls <cluster_id> [--detailed]

It lists exports for a cluster, where:

``<cluster_id>`` is the NFS Ganesha cluster ID.

With the ``--detailed`` option enabled it shows entire export block.

Get Export
----------

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export info <cluster_id> <pseudo_path>

This displays export block for a cluster based on pseudo root name, where:

``<cluster_id>`` is the NFS Ganesha cluster ID.

``<pseudo_path>`` is the pseudo root path (must be an absolute path).


Create or update export via JSON specification
----------------------------------------------

An existing export can be dumped in JSON format with:

.. prompt:: bash #

    ceph nfs export info *<cluster_id>* *<pseudo_path>*

An export can be created or modified by importing a JSON description in the
same format:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export apply *<cluster_id>* -i <json_file>

For example:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export info mynfs /cephfs > update_cephfs_export.json
   cat update_cephfs_export.json

::

   {
     "export_id": 1,
     "path": "/",
     "cluster_id": "mynfs",
     "pseudo": "/cephfs",
     "access_type": "RW",
     "squash": "no_root_squash",
     "security_label": true,
     "protocols": [
       4
     ],
     "transports": [
       "TCP"
     ],
     "fsal": {
       "name": "CEPH",
       "user_id": "nfs.mynfs.1",
       "fs_name": "a",
       "sec_label_xattr": ""
     },
     "clients": []
   }

The imported JSON can be a single dict describing a single export, or a JSON
list containing multiple export dicts.

The exported JSON can be modified and then reapplied.  Below, *pseudo*
and *access_type* are modified.  When modifying an export, the
provided JSON should fully describe the new state of the export (just
as when creating a new export), with the exception of the
authentication credentials, which will be carried over from the
previous state of the export where possible.

.. note:: The ``user_id`` in the ``fsal`` block should not be modified or
   mentioned in the JSON file as it is auto-generated for CephFS exports.  It
   is auto-generated in the format ``nfs.<cluster_id>.<fs_name>.<hash_id>``.

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export apply mynfs -i update_cephfs_export.json
   cat update_cephfs_export.json

::

   {
     "export_id": 1,
     "path": "/",
     "cluster_id": "mynfs",
     "pseudo": "/cephfs_testing",
     "access_type": "RO",
     "squash": "no_root_squash",
     "security_label": true,
     "protocols": [
       4
     ],
     "transports": [
       "TCP"
     ],
     "fsal": {
       "name": "CEPH",
       "user_id": "nfs.mynfs.1",
       "fs_name": "a",
       "sec_label_xattr": ""
     },
     "clients": []
   }

An export can also be created or updated by injecting a Ganesha NFS EXPORT
config fragment. For example:

.. prompt:: bash #

   ceph nfs export apply mynfs -i update_cephfs_export.conf
   cat update_cephfs_export.conf

::

   EXPORT {
       FSAL {
           name = "CEPH";
           filesystem = "a";
       }
       export_id = 1;
       path = "/";
       pseudo = "/a";
       access_type = "RW";
       squash = "none";
       attr_expiration_time = 0;
       security_label = true;
       protocols = 4;
       transports = "TCP";
   }


Mounting
========

After the exports are successfully created and NFS Ganesha daemons are
deployed, exports can be mounted with:

.. prompt:: bash #

   mount -t nfs <ganesha-host-name>:<pseudo_path> <mount-point>

For example, if the NFS cluster was created with ``--ingress --virtual-ip
192.168.10.10`` and the export's pseudo-path was ``/foo``, the export can be
mounted at ``/mnt`` by running the following command:

.. prompt:: bash #

   mount -t nfs 192.168.10.10:/foo /mnt

If the NFS service is running on a non-standard port number:

.. prompt:: bash #

   mount -t nfs -o port=<ganesha-port> <ganesha-host-name>:<ganesha-pseudo_path> <mount-point>

.. note:: Only NFS v4.0+ is supported.

.. note:: As of this writing (01 Jan 2024), no version of Microsoft Windows
   supports mouting an NFS v4.x export natively.

Troubleshooting
===============

There are two methds for examining NFS-Ganesha logs:

#. ``cephadm``: List the NFS daemons by running the following command:

    .. prompt:: bash #

       ceph orch ps --daemon-type nfs

   You can search via the logs for a specific daemon (e.g.,
   ``nfs.mynfs.0.0.myhost.xkfzal``) on the relevant host with:

    .. prompt:: bash #

       cephadm logs --fsid <fsid> --name nfs.mynfs.0.0.myhost.xkfzal

#. ``rook``:

    .. prompt:: bash #

       kubectl logs -n rook-ceph rook-ceph-nfs-<cluster_id>-<node_id> nfs-ganesha

The NFS log level can be adjusted using the ``nfs cluster config set`` command
(see :ref:`nfs-cluster-set`).


.. _nfs-ganesha-config:


Manual Ganesha deployment
=========================

It may be possible to deploy and manage the NFS ganesha daemons without
orchestration frameworks such as cephadm or rook.

.. note:: Manual configuration is not tested or fully documented; your
          mileage may vary. If you make this work, please help us by
          updating this documentation.

Limitations
------------

If no orchestrator module is enabled for the Ceph Manager the NFS cluster
management commands, such as those starting with ``ceph nfs cluster``, will not
function. However, commands that manage NFS exports, like those prefixed with
``ceph nfs export`` are expected to work as long as the necessary RADOS objects
have already been created. The exact RADOS objects required are not documented
at this time as support for this feature is incomplete. A curious reader can
find some details about the object by reading the source code for the
``mgr/nfs`` module (found in the ceph source tree under
``src/pybind/mgr/nfs``).


Requirements
------------

The following packages are required to enable CephFS and RGW exports with nfs-ganesha:

-  ``nfs-ganesha``, ``nfs-ganesha-ceph``, ``nfs-ganesha-rados-grace`` and
   ``nfs-ganesha-rados-urls`` packages (version 3.3 and above)

Ganesha Configuration Hierarchy
-------------------------------

Cephadm and rook start each nfs-ganesha daemon with a minimal
`bootstrap` configuration file that pulls from a shared `common`
configuration stored in the ``.nfs`` RADOS pool and watches the common
config for changes.  Each export is written to a separate RADOS object
that is referenced by URL from the common config.

.. ditaa::

                             rados://$pool/$namespace/export-$i        rados://$pool/$namespace/userconf-nfs.$cluster_id
                                      (export config)                          (user config)

                        +----------+    +----------+    +----------+      +---------------------------+
                        |          |    |          |    |          |      |                           |
                        | export-1 |    | export-2 |    | export-3 |      | userconf-nfs.$cluster_id  |
                        |          |    |          |    |          |      |                           |
                        +----+-----+    +----+-----+    +-----+----+      +-------------+-------------+
                             ^               ^                ^                         ^
                             |               |                |                         |
                             +--------------------------------+-------------------------+
                                        %url |
                                             |
                                    +--------+--------+
                                    |                 |  rados://$pool/$namespace/conf-nfs.$svc
                                    |  conf+nfs.$svc  |  (common config)
                                    |                 |
                                    +--------+--------+
                                             ^
                                             |
                                   watch_url |
                     +----------------------------------------------+
                     |                       |                      |
                     |                       |                      |            RADOS
             +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                     |                       |                      |            CONTAINER
           watch_url |             watch_url |            watch_url |
                     |                       |                      |
            +--------+-------+      +--------+-------+      +-------+--------+
            |                |      |                |      |                |  /etc/ganesha/ganesha.conf
            |   nfs.$svc.a   |      |   nfs.$svc.b   |      |   nfs.$svc.c   |  (bootstrap config)
            |                |      |                |      |                |
            +----------------+      +----------------+      +----------------+


.. _NFS-Ganesha NFS Server: https://github.com/nfs-ganesha/nfs-ganesha/wiki
.. _NFS-Ganesha Export Sample: https://github.com/nfs-ganesha/nfs-ganesha/blob/next/src/config_samples/export.txt
