clock_nanosleep(2)

NAME
clock_nanosleep - high-resolution sleep with specifiable clock

LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc), since glibc 2.17

Before glibc 2.17, Real-time library (librt, -lrt)

SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>

int clock_nanosleep(clockid_t clockid, int flags,
                    const struct timespec *t,
                    struct timespec *_Nullable remain);

    Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

clock_nanosleep():
    _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L

DESCRIPTION
Like nanosleep(2), clock_nanosleep() allows the calling thread to sleep for an interval specified with nanosecond precision. It differs in allowing the caller to select the clock against which the sleep interval is to be measured, and in allowing the sleep interval to be specified as either an absolute or a relative value.

The time values passed to and returned by this call are specified using timespec(3) structures.

The clockid argument specifies the clock against which the sleep interval is to be measured. This argument can have one of the following values:

CLOCK_REALTIME
    A settable system-wide real-time clock.

CLOCK_TAI (since Linux 3.10)
    A system-wide clock derived from wall-clock time but counting leap seconds.

CLOCK_MONOTONIC
    A nonsettable, monotonically increasing clock that measures time since some unspecified point in the past that does not change after system startup.

CLOCK_BOOTTIME (since Linux 2.6.39)
    Identical to CLOCK_MONOTONIC, except that it also includes any time that the system is suspended.

CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
    A settable per-process clock that measures CPU time consumed by all threads in the process.

See clock_getres(2) for further details on these clocks. In addition, the CPU clock IDs returned by clock_getcpuclockid(3) and pthread_getcpuclockid(3) can also be passed in clockid.

If flags is 0, then the value specified in t is interpreted as an interval relative to the current value of the clock specified by clockid.

If flags is TIMER_ABSTIME, then t is interpreted as an absolute time as measured by the clock, clockid. If t is less than or equal to the current value of the clock, then clock_nanosleep() returns immediately without suspending the calling thread.

clock_nanosleep() suspends the execution of the calling thread until either at least the time specified by t has elapsed, or a signal is delivered that causes a signal handler to be called or that terminates the process.

If the call is interrupted by a signal handler, clock_nanosleep() fails with the error EINTR. In addition, if remain is not NULL, and flags was not TIMER_ABSTIME, it returns the remaining unslept time in remain. This value can then be used to call clock_nanosleep() again and complete a (relative) sleep.

RETURN VALUE
On successfully sleeping for the requested interval, clock_nanosleep() returns 0. If the call is interrupted by a signal handler or encounters an error, then it returns one of the positive error number listed in ERRORS.

ERRORS

EFAULT
    t or remain specified an invalid address.

EINTR
    The sleep was interrupted by a signal handler; see signal(7).

EINVAL
    The value in the tv_nsec field was not in the range [0, 999999999] or tv_sec was negative.

EINVAL
    clockid was invalid. (CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID is not a permitted value for clockid.)

ENOTSUP
    The kernel does not support sleeping against this clockid.

STANDARDS
POSIX.1-2024.

HISTORY
POSIX.1-2001. Linux 2.6, glibc 2.1.

NOTES
If the interval specified in t is not an exact multiple of the granularity underlying clock (see time(7)), then the interval will be rounded up to the next multiple. Furthermore, after the sleep completes, there may still be a delay before the CPU becomes free to once again execute the calling thread.

Using an absolute timer is useful for preventing timer drift problems of the type described in nanosleep(2). (Such problems are exacerbated in programs that try to restart a relative sleep that is repeatedly interrupted by signals.) To perform a relative sleep that avoids these problems, call clock_gettime(2) for the desired clock, add the desired interval to the returned time value, and then call clock_nanosleep() with the TIMER_ABSTIME flag.

clock_nanosleep() is never restarted after being interrupted by a signal handler, regardless of the use of the sigaction(2) SA_RESTART flag.

The remain argument is unused, and unnecessary, when flags is TIMER_ABSTIME. (An absolute sleep can be restarted using the same t argument.)

POSIX.1 specifies that clock_nanosleep() has no effect on signals dispositions or the signal mask.

POSIX.1 specifies that after changing the value of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock via clock_settime(2), the new clock value shall be used to determine the time at which a thread blocked on an absolute clock_nanosleep() will wake up; if the new clock value falls past the end of the sleep interval, then the clock_nanosleep() call will return immediately.

POSIX.1 specifies that changing the value of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock via clock_settime(2) shall have no effect on a thread that is blocked on a relative clock_nanosleep().

SEE ALSO
clock_getres(2), nanosleep(2), restart_syscall(2), timer_create(2), sleep(3), timespec(3), usleep(3), time(7)