pcilib(7)

NAME
pcilib - a library for accessing PCI devices

DESCRIPTION
The PCI library (also known as pcilib and libpci) is a portable library for accessing PCI devices and their configuration space.

ACCESS METHODS

The library supports a variety of methods to access the configuration space on different operating systems. By default, the first matching method in this list is used, but you can specify override the decision (see the -A switch of lspci).

linux-sysfs
    The /sys filesystem on Linux 2.6 and newer. The standard header of the config space is available to all users, the rest only to root. Supports extended configuration space, PCI domains, VPD (from Linux 2.6.26), physical slots (also since Linux 2.6.26) and information on attached kernel drivers.

linux-proc
    The /proc/bus/pci interface supported by Linux 2.1 and newer. The standard header of the config space is available to all users, the rest only to root.

intel-conf1
    Direct hardware access via Intel configuration mechanism 1. Available on i386 and compatibles on Linux, Solaris/x86, GNU Hurd, Windows, BeOS and Haiku. Requires root privileges.

intel-conf2
    Direct hardware access via Intel configuration mechanism 2. Available on i386 and compatibles on Linux, Solaris/x86, GNU Hurd, Windows, BeOS and Haiku. Requires root privileges. Warning: This method is able to address only the first 16 devices on any bus and it seems to be very unreliable in many cases.

mmio-conf1
    Direct hardware access via Intel configuration mechanism 1 via memory-mapped I/O. Mostly used on non-i386 platforms. Requires root privileges. Warning: This method needs to be properly configured via the mmio-conf1.addrs parameter.

mmio-conf1-ext
    Direct hardware access via Extended PCIe Intel configuration mechanism 1 via memory-mapped I/O. Mostly used on non-i386 platforms. Requires root privileges. Warning: This method needs to be properly configured via the mmio-conf1-ext.addrs parameter.

ecam
    Direct hardware access via PCIe ECAM (Enhanced Configuration Access Mechanism). Available on all PCIe-compliant hardware. Requires root privileges and access to physical memory (on Linux systems disabled CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM option). On ACPI compatible systems is ECAM mapping read from the MCFG table specified by the ecam.acpimcfg parameter. On EFI compatible systems, ACPI MCFG table can be located in physical memory via EFI system table specified by the ecam.efisystab parameter. On FreeBSD/NetBSD systems, physical address of ACPI MCFG table can be located by kenv or sysctl interface when the ecam.bsd parameter is not disabled. On x86 BIOS compatible systems, ACPI MCFG table can be located in physical memory by scanning x86 BIOS memory when the ecam.x86bios parameter is not disabled. Alternatively ECAM mappings can be specified by the ecam.addrs parameter which takes precedence over ACPI MCFG table. This option is required on systems without ACPI and also on systems without EFI or x86 BIOS.

fbsd-device
    The /dev/pci device on FreeBSD. Requires root privileges.

aix-device
    Access method used on AIX. Requires root privileges.

nbsd-libpci
    The /dev/pci0 device on NetBSD accessed using the local libpci library.

obsd-device
    The /dev/pci device on OpenBSD. Requires root privileges.

dump
    Read the contents of configuration registers from a file specified in the dump.name parameter. The format corresponds to the output of lspci -x.

darwin
    Access method used on Mac OS X / Darwin. Must be run as root and the system must have been booted with debug=0x144.

win32-cfgmgr32
    Device listing on Windows systems using the Windows Configuration Manager via cfgmgr32.dll system library. This method does not require any special Administrator rights or privileges. Configuration Manager provides only basic information about devices, assigned resources and device tree structure. There is no access to the PCI configuration space but libpci either tries to use other access method to access configuration space or it provides read-only virtual emulation based on information from Configuration Manager. Other access method can be chosen by the win32.cfgmethod parameter. By default the first working one is selected (if any). Starting with Windows 8 (NT 6.2) it is not possible to retrieve resources from 32-bit application or library on 64-bit system.

win32-sysdbg
    Access to the PCI configuration space via NT SysDbg interface on Windows systems. Process needs to have Debug privilege, which local Administrators have by default. Not available on 64-bit systems and neither on recent 32-bit systems. Only devices from the first domain are accessible and only first 256 bytes of the PCI configuration space is accessible via this method.

win32-kldbg
    Access to the PCI configuration space via Kernel Local Debugging Driver kldbgdrv.sys. This driver is not part of the Windows system but is part of the Microsoft WinDbg tool. It is required to have kldbgdrv.sys driver installed in the system32 directory or to have windbg.exe or kd.exe binary in PATH. windbg.exe or kd.exe binary contains embedded kldbgdrv.sys driver which libpci can automatically unpack and register. Because of embedded driver usage, it is required that architecture of windbg.exe or kd.exe binary matches the system architecture, and not the libpci application architecture. Therefore for running i386 libpci application on AMD64 system, it is required to have AMD64 version of kldbgdrv.sys driver in the native system32 directory or AMD64 version of windbg.exe or kd.exe binary in the PATH. i386 versions of these binaries would not work. win32-kldbg access method compiled for 32-bit applications supports both 32-bit and also 64-bit OS host systems, therefore i386 libpci application with win32-kldbg method can access PCI config space also on AMD64 host system. kldbgdrv.sys driver has some restrictions. Process needs to have Debug privilege and Windows system has to be booted with Debugging option. Debugging option can be enabled by calling (takes effect after next boot): bcdedit /debug on

    Download links for WinDbg 6.12.2.633 standalone installer from Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 4:
    amd64: https://download.microsoft.com/download/A/6/A/A6AC035D-DA3F-4F0C-ADA4-37C8E5D34E3D/setup/WinSDKDebuggingTools_amd64/dbg_amd64.msi
    ia64: https://download.microsoft.com/download/A/6/A/A6AC035D-DA3F-4F0C-ADA4-37C8E5D34E3D/setup/WinSDKDebuggingTools_ia64/dbg_ia64.msi
    x86: https://download.microsoft.com/download/A/6/A/A6AC035D-DA3F-4F0C-ADA4-37C8E5D34E3D/setup/WinSDKDebuggingTools/dbg_x86.msi

    Archived download links of previous WinDbg versions:
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110221133326/https://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/installx86.mspx
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110214012715/https://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/install64bit.mspx

aos-expansion
    Access method used on PowerPC Amiga running OS4+. Access is made through Expansion.library. It offers read and write access to configuration space.

rt-thread-smart
    The /proc/pci filesystem provided by RT-Thread Smart OS. This method requires PCI support (with the procfs feature enabled) to be available in the driver subsystem, and the DFS v2-based procfs must be mounted in a rootfs-enabled environment. It provides access to the standard PCI configuration space, with limited information available.

PARAMETERS

The library is controlled by several parameters. They should have sensible default values, but in case you want to do something unusual (or even something weird), you can override them (see the -O switch of lspci).

  Parameters of specific access methods

dump.name
    Name of the bus dump file to read from.

fbsd.path
    Path to the FreeBSD PCI device.

nbsd.path
    Path to the NetBSD PCI device.

obsd.path
    Path to the OpenBSD PCI device.

proc.path
    Path to the procfs bus tree.

sysfs.path
    Path to the sysfs device tree.

rt-thread-smart-dm.path
    Path to the rt-thread smart DM procfs device tree.

devmem.path
    Path to the /dev/mem device or path to the \Device\PhysicalMemory NT section or name of the platform specific physical address access method. Generally on POSIX systems it is path to memory device and on Windows systems it is path to memory NT section. Additionally on 32-bit Windows systems are recognized also platform methods: vxdcall, w32skrnl. On DOS/DJGPP systems are recognized only platform methods: auto, devmap, physmap. DJGPP's devmap method uses DPMI 1.0 functions 0508H (Map Device in Memory Block) and 0509H (Map Conventional Memory in Memory Block). DJGPP's physmap method uses DPMI 0.9 function 0800H (Physical Address Mapping). DJGPP's auto parameter automatically chooses one of the mentioned method supported by the system.

mmio-conf1.addrs
    Physical addresses of memory-mapped I/O ports for Intel configuration mechanism 1. CF8 (address) and CFC (data) I/O port addresses are separated by slash and multiple addresses for different PCI domains are separated by commas. Format: 0xaddr1/0xdata1,0xaddr2/0xdata2,...

mmio-conf1-ext.addrs
    Physical addresses of memory-mapped I/O ports for Extended PCIe Intel configuration mechanism 1. It has same format as mmio-conf1.addrs parameter.

ecam.addrs
    Physical addresses of PCIe ECAM mappings. Each mapping must contains first PCI bus number and physical address where mapping starts. And then it may contain the length of the mapping, the last PCI bus number and PCI domain number. When the last PCI bus number is not provided then it is calculated from the length of the mapping or it is assumed 0xff. When length of the mapping is provided then it is calculated from the last PCI bus number. And when PCI domain is not provided then 0x0 is assumed. All numbers must be supplied in hexadecimal form (leading prefix 0x is not required). Multiple mappings are separated by commas. Format: [domain:]start_bus[-end_bus]:start_addr[+length],...

ecam.acpimcfg
    Path to the ACPI MCFG table. Processed by the glob(3) function, so it may contain wildcards (*).

ecam.efisystab
    Path to the EFI system table.

ecam.bsd
    When not set to 0 then use BSD kenv or sysctl to find ACPI MCFG table. Default value is 1 on BSD systems.

ecam.x86bios
    When not set to 0 then scan x86 BIOS memory for ACPI MCFG table. Default value is 1 on x86 systems.

win32.cfgmethod
    Config space access method to use with win32-cfgmgr32 on Windows systems. Value auto or an empty string selects the first access method which supports access to the config space on Windows. Value win32-cfgmgr32 or none only builds a read-only virtual emulated config space with information from the Configuration Manager.

  Parameters for resolving of IDs via DNS

net.domain
    DNS domain containing the ID database.

net.cache_name
    Name of the file used for caching of resolved IDs. An initial ~/ is expanded to the user's home directory.

  Parameters for resolving of IDs via UDEV's HWDB

hwdb.disable
    Disable use of HWDB if set to a non-zero value.

SEE ALSO
lspci(8), setpci(8), pci.ids(5), update-pciids(8)

AUTHOR
The PCI Utilities are maintained by Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>.