/* msg.c
 * The msg object. Implementation of all msg-related functions
 *
 * File begun on 2007-07-13 by RGerhards (extracted from syslogd.c)
 * This file is under development and has not yet arrived at being fully
 * self-contained and a real object. So far, it is mostly an excerpt
 * of the "old" message code without any modifications. However, it
 * helps to have things at the right place one we go to the meat of it.
 *
 * Copyright 2007-2026 Rainer Gerhards and Adiscon GmbH.
 *
 * This file is part of the rsyslog runtime library.
 *
 * The rsyslog runtime library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * The rsyslog runtime library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with the rsyslog runtime library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * A copy of the GPL can be found in the file "COPYING" in this distribution.
 * A copy of the LGPL can be found in the file "COPYING.LESSER" in this distribution.
 */
#include "config.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SYSLOG_NAMES
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYSINFO_UPTIME
    #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
#endif
#include <netdb.h>
#include <libestr.h>
#include <json.h>
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
    #include <malloc.h>
#endif
#ifdef USE_LIBUUID
    #include <uuid/uuid.h>
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#include "rsyslog.h"
#include "srUtils.h"
#include "stringbuf.h"
#include "template.h"
#include "msg.h"
#include "datetime.h"
#include "glbl.h"
#include "regexp.h"
#include "atomic.h"
#include "unicode-helper.h"
#include "ruleset.h"
#include "prop.h"
#include "net.h"
#include "var.h"
#include "rsconf.h"
#include "parserif.h"
#include "errmsg.h"

#define DEV_DEBUG 0 /* set to 1 to enable very verbose developer debugging messages */

/* TODO: move the global variable root to the config object - had no time to to it
 * right now before vacation -- rgerhards, 2013-07-22
 */
static pthread_mutex_t glblVars_lock;
struct json_object *global_var_root = NULL;

/* static data */
DEFobjStaticHelpers;
DEFobjCurrIf(datetime) DEFobjCurrIf(glbl) DEFobjCurrIf(regexp) DEFobjCurrIf(prop) DEFobjCurrIf(net) DEFobjCurrIf(var)

    static const char *one_digit[10] = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};

static const char *two_digits[100] = {
    "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16",
    "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33",
    "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50",
    "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67",
    "68", "69", "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84",
    "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99"};

static const char *wdayNames[7] = {"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"};

/* Table of days in a year, needed for getYearDay */
static const char *daysInYear[366] = {
    "001", "002", "003", "004", "005", "006", "007", "008", "009", "010", "011", "012", "013", "014", "015", "016",
    "017", "018", "019", "020", "021", "022", "023", "024", "025", "026", "027", "028", "029", "030", "031", "032",
    "033", "034", "035", "036", "037", "038", "039", "040", "041", "042", "043", "044", "045", "046", "047", "048",
    "049", "050", "051", "052", "053", "054", "055", "056", "057", "058", "059", "060", "061", "062", "063", "064",
    "065", "066", "067", "068", "069", "070", "071", "072", "073", "074", "075", "076", "077", "078", "079", "080",
    "081", "082", "083", "084", "085", "086", "087", "088", "089", "090", "091", "092", "093", "094", "095", "096",
    "097", "098", "099", "100", "101", "102", "103", "104", "105", "106", "107", "108", "109", "110", "111", "112",
    "113", "114", "115", "116", "117", "118", "119", "120", "121", "122", "123", "124", "125", "126", "127", "128",
    "129", "130", "131", "132", "133", "134", "135", "136", "137", "138", "139", "140", "141", "142", "143", "144",
    "145", "146", "147", "148", "149", "150", "151", "152", "153", "154", "155", "156", "157", "158", "159", "160",
    "161", "162", "163", "164", "165", "166", "167", "168", "169", "170", "171", "172", "173", "174", "175", "176",
    "177", "178", "179", "180", "181", "182", "183", "184", "185", "186", "187", "188", "189", "190", "191", "192",
    "193", "194", "195", "196", "197", "198", "199", "200", "201", "202", "203", "204", "205", "206", "207", "208",
    "209", "210", "211", "212", "213", "214", "215", "216", "217", "218", "219", "220", "221", "222", "223", "224",
    "225", "226", "227", "228", "229", "230", "231", "232", "233", "234", "235", "236", "237", "238", "239", "240",
    "241", "242", "243", "244", "245", "246", "247", "248", "249", "250", "251", "252", "253", "254", "255", "256",
    "257", "258", "259", "260", "261", "262", "263", "264", "265", "266", "267", "268", "269", "270", "271", "272",
    "273", "274", "275", "276", "277", "278", "279", "280", "281", "282", "283", "284", "285", "286", "287", "288",
    "289", "290", "291", "292", "293", "294", "295", "296", "297", "298", "299", "300", "301", "302", "303", "304",
    "305", "306", "307", "308", "309", "310", "311", "312", "313", "314", "315", "316", "317", "318", "319", "320",
    "321", "322", "323", "324", "325", "326", "327", "328", "329", "330", "331", "332", "333", "334", "335", "336",
    "337", "338", "339", "340", "341", "342", "343", "344", "345", "346", "347", "348", "349", "350", "351", "352",
    "353", "354", "355", "356", "357", "358", "359", "360", "361", "362", "363", "364", "365", "366"};

/* The following is a table of supported years. This permits us
 * to avoid dynamic memory allocation. Note that the time-based
 * algos need to be upgraded after the year 2099 in any case.
 * Quite honestly, I don't expect that this is a real problem ;)
 */
static const char *years[] = {
    "1967", "1968", "1969", "1970", "1971", "1972", "1973", "1974", "1975", "1976", "1977", "1978", "1979", "1980",
    "1981", "1982", "1983", "1984", "1985", "1986", "1987", "1988", "1989", "1990", "1991", "1992", "1993", "1994",
    "1995", "1996", "1997", "1998", "1999", "2000", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2005", "2006", "2007", "2008",
    "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022",
    "2023", "2024", "2025", "2026", "2027", "2028", "2029", "2030", "2031", "2032", "2033", "2034", "2035", "2036",
    "2037", "2038", "2039", "2040", "2041", "2042", "2043", "2044", "2045", "2046", "2047", "2048", "2049", "2050",
    "2051", "2052", "2053", "2054", "2055", "2056", "2057", "2058", "2059", "2060", "2061", "2062", "2063", "2064",
    "2065", "2066", "2067", "2068", "2069", "2070", "2071", "2072", "2073", "2074", "2075", "2076", "2077", "2078",
    "2079", "2080", "2081", "2082", "2083", "2084", "2085", "2086", "2087", "2088", "2089", "2090", "2091", "2092",
    "2093", "2094", "2095", "2096", "2097", "2098", "2099"};

static struct {
    uchar *pszName;
} syslog_pri_names[200] = {
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("0")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("1")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("2")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("3")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("4")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("5")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("6")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("7")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("8")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("9")},   {UCHAR_CONSTANT("10")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("11")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("12")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("13")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("14")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("15")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("16")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("17")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("18")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("19")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("20")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("21")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("22")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("23")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("24")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("25")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("26")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("27")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("28")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("29")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("30")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("31")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("32")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("33")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("34")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("35")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("36")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("37")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("38")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("39")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("40")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("41")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("42")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("43")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("44")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("45")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("46")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("47")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("48")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("49")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("50")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("51")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("52")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("53")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("54")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("55")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("56")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("57")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("58")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("59")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("60")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("61")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("62")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("63")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("64")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("65")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("66")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("67")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("68")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("69")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("70")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("71")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("72")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("73")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("74")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("75")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("76")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("77")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("78")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("79")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("80")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("81")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("82")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("83")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("84")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("85")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("86")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("87")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("88")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("89")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("90")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("91")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("92")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("93")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("94")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("95")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("96")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("97")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("98")},  {UCHAR_CONSTANT("99")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("100")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("101")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("102")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("103")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("104")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("105")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("106")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("107")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("108")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("109")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("110")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("111")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("112")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("113")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("114")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("115")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("116")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("117")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("118")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("119")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("120")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("121")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("122")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("123")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("124")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("125")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("126")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("127")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("128")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("129")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("130")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("131")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("132")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("133")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("134")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("135")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("136")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("137")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("138")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("139")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("140")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("141")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("142")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("143")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("144")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("145")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("146")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("147")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("148")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("149")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("150")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("151")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("152")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("153")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("154")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("155")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("156")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("157")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("158")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("159")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("160")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("161")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("162")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("163")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("164")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("165")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("166")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("167")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("168")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("169")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("170")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("171")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("172")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("173")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("174")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("175")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("176")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("177")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("178")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("179")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("180")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("181")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("182")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("183")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("184")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("185")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("186")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("187")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("188")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("189")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("190")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("191")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("192")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("193")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("194")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("195")},
    {UCHAR_CONSTANT("196")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("197")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("198")}, {UCHAR_CONSTANT("199")}};
static char hexdigit[16] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

#if defined(_AIX)
/* AIXPORT : replace facility names with aso and caa only for AIX */
static const char *syslog_fac_names[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
    "kern",   "user",     "mail",   "daemon", "auth",   "syslog", "lpr",  "news",   "uucp",
    "cron",   "authpriv", "ftp",    "aso",    "audit",  "alert",  "caa",  "local0", "local1",
    "local2", "local3",   "local4", "local5", "local6", "local7", "invld"};
/* length of the facility names string (for optimizatiions) */
static short len_syslog_fac_names[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {4, 4, 4, 6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 4, 8, 3, 3,
                                                      5, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5};

#else
/*syslog facility names (as of RFC5424) */
static const char *syslog_fac_names[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
    "kern",   "user",     "mail",   "daemon", "auth",   "syslog", "lpr",   "news",   "uucp",
    "cron",   "authpriv", "ftp",    "ntp",    "audit",  "alert",  "clock", "local0", "local1",
    "local2", "local3",   "local4", "local5", "local6", "local7", "invld"};
/* length of the facility names string (for optimizatiions) */
static short len_syslog_fac_names[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {4, 4, 4, 6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 4, 8, 3, 3,
                                                      5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5};
#endif

/* table of severity names (in numerical order)*/
static const char *syslog_severity_names[8] = {"emerg", "alert", "crit", "err", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug"};
static short len_syslog_severity_names[8] = {5, 5, 4, 3, 7, 6, 4, 5};

/* numerical values as string - this is the most efficient approach to convert severity
 * and facility values to a numerical string... -- rgerhars, 2009-06-17
 */

static const char *syslog_number_names[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {"0",  "1",  "2",  "3",  "4",  "5",  "6",  "7",  "8",
                                                           "9",  "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17",
                                                           "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24"};

/* global variables */
#if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM) && !defined(HAVE_ATOMIC_BUILTINS)
static pthread_mutex_t mutTrimCtr; /* mutex to handle malloc trim */
#endif

/* some forward declarations */
static int getAPPNAMELen(smsg_t *const pM, sbool bLockMutex);
static rsRetVal jsonPathFindParent(
    struct json_object *jroot, uchar *name, uchar *leaf, struct json_object **parent, int bCreate);
static uchar *jsonPathGetLeaf(uchar *name, int lenName);
static json_bool jsonVarExtract(struct json_object *root, const char *key, struct json_object **value);
void getRawMsgAfterPRI(smsg_t *const pM, uchar **pBuf, int *piLen);


/* the locking and unlocking implementations: */
void MsgLock(smsg_t *pThis) {
#if DEV_DEBUG == 1
    dbgprintf("MsgLock(0x%lx)\n", (unsigned long)pThis);
#endif
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pThis->mut);
}
void MsgUnlock(smsg_t *pThis) {
#if DEV_DEBUG == 1
    dbgprintf("MsgUnlock(0x%lx)\n", (unsigned long)pThis);
#endif
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pThis->mut);
}


/* set RcvFromIP name in msg object WITHOUT calling AddRef.
 * rgerhards, 2013-01-22
 */
static inline void MsgSetRcvFromIPWithoutAddRef(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *new) {
    if (pThis->pRcvFromIP != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->pRcvFromIP);
    pThis->pRcvFromIP = new;
}

static inline void MsgSetRcvFromPortWithoutAddRef(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *new) {
    if (pThis->pRcvFromPort != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->pRcvFromPort);
    pThis->pRcvFromPort = new;
}


/* set RcvFrom name in msg object WITHOUT calling AddRef.
 * rgerhards, 2013-01-22
 */
static void MsgSetRcvFromWithoutAddRef(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *new) {
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    if (pThis->msgFlags & NEEDS_DNSRESOL) {
        if (pThis->rcvFrom.pfrominet != NULL) free(pThis->rcvFrom.pfrominet);
        pThis->msgFlags &= ~NEEDS_DNSRESOL;
    } else {
        if (pThis->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom);
    }
    pThis->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom = new;
}


/* rgerhards 2012-04-18: set associated ruleset (by ruleset name)
 * pRuleset pointer inside msg is updated. If ruleset cannot be found,
 * no update is done and an error message emitted.
 */
static void ATTR_NONNULL() MsgSetRulesetByName(smsg_t *const pMsg, cstr_t *const rulesetName) {
    uchar *const rs_name = rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(rulesetName);
    const rsRetVal localRet = rulesetGetRuleset(runConf, &(pMsg->pRuleset), rs_name);

    if (localRet != RS_RET_OK) {
        LogError(0, localRet,
                 "msg: ruleset '%s' could not be found and could not "
                 "be assigned to message object. This possibly leads to the message "
                 "being processed incorrectly. We cannot do anything against this, but "
                 "wanted to let you know.",
                 rs_name);
    }
}

/* do a DNS reverse resolution, if not already done, reflect status
 * rgerhards, 2009-11-16
 */
static rsRetVal resolveDNS(smsg_t *const pMsg) {
    rsRetVal localRet;
    prop_t *propFromHost = NULL;
    prop_t *ip;
    prop_t *localName;
    prop_t *port = NULL;
    char portbuf[8];
    uint16_t pnum;
    DEFiRet;

    MsgLock(pMsg);
    CHKiRet(objUse(net, CORE_COMPONENT));
    if (pMsg->msgFlags & NEEDS_DNSRESOL) {
        if (pMsg->msgFlags & PRESERVE_CASE) {
            localRet = net.cvthname(pMsg->rcvFrom.pfrominet, NULL, &localName, &ip);
        } else {
            localRet = net.cvthname(pMsg->rcvFrom.pfrominet, &localName, NULL, &ip);
        }
        if (localRet == RS_RET_OK) {
            /* we pass down the props, so no need for AddRef */
            MsgSetRcvFromWithoutAddRef(pMsg, localName);
            MsgSetRcvFromIPWithoutAddRef(pMsg, ip);

            if (pMsg->pRcvFromPort == NULL) {
                if (pMsg->rcvFrom.pfrominet->ss_family == AF_INET)
                    pnum = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *)pMsg->rcvFrom.pfrominet)->sin_port);
                else if (pMsg->rcvFrom.pfrominet->ss_family == AF_INET6)
                    pnum = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)pMsg->rcvFrom.pfrominet)->sin6_port);
                else
                    pnum = 0;
                snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "%u", pnum);
                CHKiRet(prop.CreateStringProp(&port, (uchar *)portbuf, strlen(portbuf)));
                MsgSetRcvFromPortWithoutAddRef(pMsg, port);
                port = NULL;
            }
        }
    }
finalize_it:
    if (iRet != RS_RET_OK) {
        /* best we can do: remove property */
        MsgSetRcvFromStr(pMsg, UCHAR_CONSTANT(""), 0, &propFromHost);
        prop.Destruct(&propFromHost);
    }
    MsgUnlock(pMsg);
    if (propFromHost != NULL) prop.Destruct(&propFromHost);
    if (port != NULL) prop.Destruct(&port);
    RETiRet;
}


void getInputName(const smsg_t *const pM, uchar **ppsz, int *const plen) {
    if (pM == NULL || pM->pInputName == NULL) {
        *ppsz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        *plen = 0;
    } else {
        prop.GetString(pM->pInputName, ppsz, plen);
    }
}


static uchar *getRcvFromIP(smsg_t *const pM) {
    uchar *psz;
    int len;
    if (pM == NULL) {
        psz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
    } else {
        resolveDNS(pM); /* make sure we have a resolved entry */
        if (pM->pRcvFromIP == NULL)
            psz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        else
            prop.GetString(pM->pRcvFromIP, &psz, &len);
    }
    return psz;
}

static uchar *getRcvFromPort(smsg_t *const pM) {
    uchar *psz;
    int len;
    if (pM == NULL) {
        psz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
    } else {
        resolveDNS(pM);
        if (pM->pRcvFromPort == NULL)
            psz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        else
            prop.GetString(pM->pRcvFromPort, &psz, &len);
    }
    return psz;
}


/* map a property name (string) to a property ID */
rsRetVal propNameToID(const uchar *const pName, propid_t *const pPropID) {
    DEFiRet;

    /* sometimes there are aliases to the original MonitoWare
     * property names. These come after || in the ifs below. */
    if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "msg")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_MSG;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "timestamp") || !strcasecmp((char *)pName, "timereported")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_TIMESTAMP;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "hostname") || !strcasecmp((char *)pName, "source")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_HOSTNAME;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogtag")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYSLOGTAG;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "rawmsg")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_RAWMSG;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "rawmsg-after-pri")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_RAWMSG_AFTER_PRI;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "inputname")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_INPUTNAME;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "fromhost")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_FROMHOST;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "fromhost-ip")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_FROMHOST_IP;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "fromhost-port")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_FROMHOST_PORT;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "pri")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_PRI;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "pri-text")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_PRI_TEXT;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "iut")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_IUT;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogfacility")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYSLOGFACILITY;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogfacility-text")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYSLOGFACILITY_TEXT;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogseverity") || !strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogpriority")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYSLOGSEVERITY;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogseverity-text") || !strcasecmp((char *)pName, "syslogpriority-text")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYSLOGSEVERITY_TEXT;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "timegenerated")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_TIMEGENERATED;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "programname")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_PROGRAMNAME;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "protocol-version")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_PROTOCOL_VERSION;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "structured-data")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_STRUCTURED_DATA;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "app-name")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_APP_NAME;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "procid")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_PROCID;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "msgid")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_MSGID;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "jsonmesg")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_JSONMESG;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "parsesuccess")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_PARSESUCCESS;
#ifdef USE_LIBUUID
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "uuid")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_UUID;
#endif
        /* here start system properties (those, that do not relate to the message itself */
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$NOW")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_NOW;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$YEAR")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_YEAR;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$MONTH")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_MONTH;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$DAY")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_DAY;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$HOUR")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_HOUR;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$HHOUR")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_HHOUR;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$QHOUR")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_QHOUR;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$MINUTE")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_MINUTE;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$WDAY")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_WDAY;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$now-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_NOW_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$year-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_YEAR_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$month-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_MONTH_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$day-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_DAY_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$hour-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_HOUR_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$hhour-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_HHOUR_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$qhour-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_QHOUR_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$minute-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_MINUTE_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$wday-utc")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_WDAY_UTC;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$now-unixtimestamp")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_NOW_UXTIMESTAMP;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$MYHOSTNAME")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_MYHOSTNAME;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$!all-json")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$!all-json-plain")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON_PLAIN;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$BOM")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_BOM;
    } else if (!strcasecmp((char *)pName, "$UPTIME")) {
        *pPropID = PROP_SYS_UPTIME;
    } else if (!strncmp((char *)pName, "$!", 2) || pName[0] == '!') {
        *pPropID = PROP_CEE;
    } else if (!strncmp((char *)pName, "$.", 2) || pName[0] == '.') {
        *pPropID = PROP_LOCAL_VAR;
    } else if (!strncmp((char *)pName, "$/", 2) || pName[0] == '/') {
        *pPropID = PROP_GLOBAL_VAR;
    } else {
        DBGPRINTF("PROP_INVALID for name '%s'\n", pName);
        *pPropID = PROP_INVALID;
        iRet = RS_RET_VAR_NOT_FOUND;
    }

    RETiRet;
}


/* map a property ID to a name string (useful for displaying) */
uchar *propIDToName(propid_t propID) {
    switch (propID) {
        case PROP_MSG:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("msg");
        case PROP_TIMESTAMP:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("timestamp");
        case PROP_HOSTNAME:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("hostname");
        case PROP_SYSLOGTAG:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("syslogtag");
        case PROP_RAWMSG:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("rawmsg");
        case PROP_RAWMSG_AFTER_PRI:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("rawmsg-after-pri");
        case PROP_INPUTNAME:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("inputname");
        case PROP_FROMHOST:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("fromhost");
        case PROP_FROMHOST_IP:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("fromhost-ip");
        case PROP_FROMHOST_PORT:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("fromhost-port");
        case PROP_PRI:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("pri");
        case PROP_PRI_TEXT:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("pri-text");
        case PROP_IUT:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("iut");
        case PROP_SYSLOGFACILITY:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("syslogfacility");
        case PROP_SYSLOGFACILITY_TEXT:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("syslogfacility-text");
        case PROP_SYSLOGSEVERITY:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("syslogseverity");
        case PROP_SYSLOGSEVERITY_TEXT:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("syslogseverity-text");
        case PROP_TIMEGENERATED:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("timegenerated");
        case PROP_PROGRAMNAME:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("programname");
        case PROP_PROTOCOL_VERSION:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("protocol-version");
        case PROP_STRUCTURED_DATA:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("structured-data");
        case PROP_APP_NAME:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("app-name");
        case PROP_PROCID:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("procid");
        case PROP_MSGID:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("msgid");
        case PROP_JSONMESG:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("jsonmesg");
        case PROP_PARSESUCCESS:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("parsesuccess");
#ifdef USE_LIBUUID
        case PROP_UUID:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("uuid");
#endif
        case PROP_SYS_NOW:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$NOW");
        case PROP_SYS_YEAR:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$YEAR");
        case PROP_SYS_MONTH:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$MONTH");
        case PROP_SYS_DAY:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$DAY");
        case PROP_SYS_HOUR:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$HOUR");
        case PROP_SYS_HHOUR:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$HHOUR");
        case PROP_SYS_QHOUR:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$QHOUR");
        case PROP_SYS_MINUTE:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$MINUTE");
        case PROP_SYS_NOW_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$NOW-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_YEAR_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$YEAR-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_MONTH_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$MONTH-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_DAY_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$DAY-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_HOUR_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$HOUR-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_HHOUR_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$HHOUR-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_QHOUR_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$QHOUR-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_MINUTE_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$MINUTE-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_WDAY:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$WDAY");
        case PROP_SYS_WDAY_UTC:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$WDAY-UTC");
        case PROP_SYS_NOW_UXTIMESTAMP:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$NOW-UNIXTIMESTAMP");
        case PROP_SYS_MYHOSTNAME:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$MYHOSTNAME");
        case PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$!all-json");
        case PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON_PLAIN:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$!all-json-plain");
        case PROP_SYS_BOM:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$BOM");
        case PROP_SYS_UPTIME:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("$UPTIME");
        case PROP_CEE:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("*CEE-based property*");
        case PROP_LOCAL_VAR:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("*LOCAL_VARIABLE*");
        case PROP_GLOBAL_VAR:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("*GLOBAL_VARIABLE*");
        default:
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("*invalid property id*");
    }
}


/* This is common code for all Constructors. It is defined in an
 * inline'able function so that we can save a function call in the
 * actual constructors (otherwise, the msgConstruct would need
 * to call msgConstructWithTime(), which would require a
 * function call). Now, both can use this inline function. This
 * enables us to be optimal, but still have the code just once.
 * the new object or NULL if no such object could be allocated.
 * An object constructed via this function should only be destroyed
 * via "msgDestruct()". This constructor does not query system time
 * itself but rather uses a user-supplied value. This enables the caller
 * to do some tricks to save processing time (done, for example, in the
 * udp input).
 * NOTE: this constructor does NOT call calloc(), as we have many bytes
 * inside the structure which do not need to be cleared. bzero() will
 * heavily thrash the cache, so we do the init manually (which also
 * is the right thing to do with pointers, as they are not neccessarily
 * a binary 0 on all machines [but today almost always...]).
 * rgerhards, 2008-10-06
 */
static rsRetVal msgBaseConstruct(smsg_t **ppThis) {
    DEFiRet;
    smsg_t *pM;

    assert(ppThis != NULL);
    CHKmalloc(pM = malloc(sizeof(smsg_t)));
    objConstructSetObjInfo(pM); /* initialize object helper entities */

    /* initialize members in ORDER they appear in structure (think "cache line"!) */
    pM->flowCtlType = 0;
    pM->bParseSuccess = 0;
    pM->iRefCount = 1;
    pM->iSeverity = LOG_DEBUG;
    pM->iFacility = LOG_INVLD;
    pM->iLenPROGNAME = -1;
    pM->offAfterPRI = 0;
    pM->offMSG = -1;
    pM->iProtocolVersion = 0;
    pM->msgFlags = 0;
    pM->iLenRawMsg = 0;
    pM->iLenMSG = 0;
    pM->iLenTAG = 0;
    pM->iLenHOSTNAME = 0;
    pM->pszRawMsg = NULL;
    pM->pszHOSTNAME = NULL;
    pM->pszRcvdAt3164 = NULL;
    pM->pszRcvdAt3339 = NULL;
    pM->pszRcvdAt_MySQL = NULL;
    pM->pszRcvdAt_PgSQL = NULL;
    pM->pszTIMESTAMP3164 = NULL;
    pM->pszTIMESTAMP3339 = NULL;
    pM->pszTIMESTAMP_MySQL = NULL;
    pM->pszTIMESTAMP_PgSQL = NULL;
    pM->pszStrucData = NULL;
    pM->lenStrucData = 0;
    pM->pCSAPPNAME = NULL;
    pM->pCSPROCID = NULL;
    pM->pCSMSGID = NULL;
    pM->pInputName = NULL;
    pM->pRcvFromIP = NULL;
    pM->pRcvFromPort = NULL;
    pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom = NULL;
    pM->pRuleset = NULL;
    pM->json = NULL;
    pM->localvars = NULL;
    pM->dfltTZ[0] = '\0';
    memset(&pM->tRcvdAt, 0, sizeof(pM->tRcvdAt));
    memset(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, 0, sizeof(pM->tTIMESTAMP));
    pM->TAG.pszTAG = NULL;
    pM->pszTimestamp3164[0] = '\0';
    pM->pszTimestamp3339[0] = '\0';
    pM->pszTIMESTAMP_SecFrac[0] = '\0';
    pM->pszRcvdAt_SecFrac[0] = '\0';
    pM->pszTIMESTAMP_Unix[0] = '\0';
    pM->pszRcvdAt_Unix[0] = '\0';
    pM->pszUUID = NULL;
    pthread_mutex_init(&pM->mut, NULL);

#if DEV_DEBUG == 1
    dbgprintf("msgConstruct\t0x%x, ref 1\n", (int)pM);
#endif

    *ppThis = pM;

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* "Constructor" for a msg "object". Returns a pointer to
 * the new object or NULL if no such object could be allocated.
 * An object constructed via this function should only be destroyed
 * via "msgDestruct()". This constructor does not query system time
 * itself but rather uses a user-supplied value. This enables the caller
 * to do some tricks to save processing time (done, for example, in the
 * udp input).
 * rgerhards, 2008-10-06
 */
rsRetVal msgConstructWithTime(smsg_t **ppThis, const struct syslogTime *stTime, const time_t ttGenTime) {
    DEFiRet;

    CHKiRet(msgBaseConstruct(ppThis));
    (*ppThis)->ttGenTime = ttGenTime;
    memcpy(&(*ppThis)->tRcvdAt, stTime, sizeof(struct syslogTime));
    memcpy(&(*ppThis)->tTIMESTAMP, stTime, sizeof(struct syslogTime));

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* "Constructor" for a msg "object". Returns a pointer to
 * the new object or NULL if no such object could be allocated.
 * An object constructed via this function should only be destroyed
 * via "msgDestruct()". This constructor, for historical reasons,
 * also sets the two timestamps to the current time.
 */
rsRetVal msgConstruct(smsg_t **ppThis) {
    DEFiRet;

    CHKiRet(msgBaseConstruct(ppThis));
    /* we initialize both timestamps to contain the current time, so that they
     * are consistent. Also, this saves us from doing any further time calls just
     * to obtain a timestamp. The memcpy() should not really make a difference,
     * especially as I think there is no codepath currently where it would not be
     * required (after I have cleaned up the pathes ;)). -- rgerhards, 2008-10-02
     */
    datetime.getCurrTime(&((*ppThis)->tRcvdAt), &((*ppThis)->ttGenTime), TIME_IN_LOCALTIME);
    memcpy(&(*ppThis)->tTIMESTAMP, &(*ppThis)->tRcvdAt, sizeof(struct syslogTime));

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Special msg constructor, to be used when an object is deserialized.
 * we do only the base init as we know the properties will be set in
 * any case by the deserializer. We still do the "inexpensive" inits
 * just to be on the safe side. The whole process needs to be
 * refactored together with the msg serialization subsystem.
 */
rsRetVal msgConstructForDeserializer(smsg_t **ppThis) {
    return msgBaseConstruct(ppThis);
}


/* some free handlers for (slightly) complicated cases... All of them may be called
 * with an empty element.
 */
static inline void freeTAG(smsg_t *pThis) {
    if (pThis->iLenTAG >= CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) free(pThis->TAG.pszTAG);
}
static inline void freeHOSTNAME(smsg_t *pThis) {
    if (pThis->iLenHOSTNAME >= CONF_HOSTNAME_BUFSIZE) free(pThis->pszHOSTNAME);
}


rsRetVal msgDestruct(smsg_t **ppThis) {
    DEFiRet;
    smsg_t *pThis;
    int currRefCount;
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
    int currCnt;
#endif
    CODESTARTobjDestruct(msg);
#if DEV_DEBUG == 1
    dbgprintf(
        "msgDestruct\t0x%lx, "
        "Ref now: %d\n",
        (unsigned long)pThis, pThis->iRefCount - 1);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ATOMIC_BUILTINS
    currRefCount = ATOMIC_DEC_AND_FETCH(&pThis->iRefCount, NULL);
#else
    MsgLock(pThis);
    currRefCount = --pThis->iRefCount;
#endif
    if (currRefCount == 0) {
#if DEV_DEBUG == 1
        dbgprintf("msgDestruct\t0x%lx, RefCount now 0, doing DESTROY\n", (unsigned long)pThis);
#endif
        if (pThis->pszRawMsg != pThis->szRawMsg) free(pThis->pszRawMsg);
        freeTAG(pThis);
        freeHOSTNAME(pThis);
        if (pThis->pInputName != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->pInputName);
        if ((pThis->msgFlags & NEEDS_DNSRESOL) == 0) {
            if (pThis->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom);
        } else {
            free(pThis->rcvFrom.pfrominet);
        }
        if (pThis->pRcvFromIP != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->pRcvFromIP);
        if (pThis->pRcvFromPort != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->pRcvFromPort);
        free(pThis->pszRcvdAt3164);
        free(pThis->pszRcvdAt3339);
        free(pThis->pszRcvdAt_MySQL);
        free(pThis->pszRcvdAt_PgSQL);
        free(pThis->pszTIMESTAMP_MySQL);
        free(pThis->pszTIMESTAMP_PgSQL);
        free(pThis->pszStrucData);
        if (pThis->iLenPROGNAME >= CONF_PROGNAME_BUFSIZE) free(pThis->PROGNAME.ptr);
        if (pThis->pCSAPPNAME != NULL) rsCStrDestruct(&pThis->pCSAPPNAME);
        if (pThis->pCSPROCID != NULL) rsCStrDestruct(&pThis->pCSPROCID);
        if (pThis->pCSMSGID != NULL) rsCStrDestruct(&pThis->pCSMSGID);
        if (pThis->json != NULL) json_object_put(pThis->json);
        if (pThis->localvars != NULL) json_object_put(pThis->localvars);
        if (pThis->pszUUID != NULL) free(pThis->pszUUID);
#ifndef HAVE_ATOMIC_BUILTINS
        MsgUnlock(pThis);
#endif
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&pThis->mut);
        /* now we need to do our own optimization. Testing has shown that at least the glibc
         * malloc() subsystem returns memory to the OS far too late in our case. So we need
         * to help it a bit, by calling malloc_trim(), which will tell the alloc subsystem
         * to consolidate and return to the OS. We keep 128K for our use, as a safeguard
         * to too-frequent reallocs. But more importantly, we call this hook only every
         * 100,000 messages (which is an approximation, as we do not work with atomic
         * operations on the counter. --- rgerhards, 2009-06-22.
         */
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
        { /* standard C requires a new block for a new variable definition!
           * To simplify matters, we use modulo arithmetic and live with the fact
           * that we trim too often when the counter wraps.
           */
            static unsigned iTrimCtr = 1;
            currCnt = ATOMIC_INC_AND_FETCH_unsigned(&iTrimCtr, &mutTrimCtr);
            if (currCnt % 100000 == 0) {
                malloc_trim(128 * 1024);
            }
        }
#endif
    } else {
#ifndef HAVE_ATOMIC_BUILTINS
        MsgUnlock(pThis);
#endif
        pThis = NULL; /* tell framework not to destructing the object! */
    }
ENDobjDestruct
(msg)
/* The macros below are used in MsgDup(). I use macros
 * to keep the fuction code somewhat more readyble. It is my
 * replacement for inline functions in CPP
 */
#define tmpCOPYSZ(name)                                                                    \
    if (pOld->psz##name != NULL) {                                                         \
        if ((pNew->psz##name = srUtilStrDup(pOld->psz##name, pOld->iLen##name)) == NULL) { \
            msgDestruct(&pNew);                                                            \
            return NULL;                                                                   \
        }                                                                                  \
        pNew->iLen##name = pOld->iLen##name;                                               \
    }

/* copy the CStr objects.
 * if the old value is NULL, we do not need to do anything because we
 * initialized the new value to NULL via calloc().
 */
#define tmpCOPYCSTR(name)                                                                \
    if (pOld->pCS##name != NULL) {                                                       \
        if (rsCStrConstructFromCStr(&(pNew->pCS##name), pOld->pCS##name) != RS_RET_OK) { \
            msgDestruct(&pNew);                                                          \
            return NULL;                                                                 \
        }                                                                                \
        cstrFinalize(pNew->pCS##name);                                                   \
    }

    /* Constructs a message object by duplicating another one.
     * Returns NULL if duplication failed. We do not need to lock the
     * message object here, because a fully-created msg object is never
     * allowed to be manipulated. For this, MsgDup() must be used, so MsgDup()
     * can never run into a situation where the message object is being
     * modified while its content is copied - it's forbidden by definition.
     * rgerhards, 2007-07-10
     */
    smsg_t *MsgDup(smsg_t *pOld) {
    smsg_t *pNew;
    rsRetVal localRet;

    assert(pOld != NULL);

    if (msgConstructWithTime(&pNew, &pOld->tTIMESTAMP, pOld->ttGenTime) != RS_RET_OK) {
        return NULL;
    }

    /* now copy the message properties */
    pNew->iRefCount = 1;
    pNew->iSeverity = pOld->iSeverity;
    pNew->iFacility = pOld->iFacility;
    pNew->msgFlags = pOld->msgFlags;
    pNew->iProtocolVersion = pOld->iProtocolVersion;
    pNew->tRcvdAt = pOld->tRcvdAt;
    pNew->offMSG = pOld->offMSG;
    pNew->iLenRawMsg = pOld->iLenRawMsg;
    pNew->iLenMSG = pOld->iLenMSG;
    pNew->iLenTAG = pOld->iLenTAG;
    pNew->iLenHOSTNAME = pOld->iLenHOSTNAME;
    if ((pOld->msgFlags & NEEDS_DNSRESOL)) {
        localRet = msgSetFromSockinfo(pNew, pOld->rcvFrom.pfrominet);
        if (localRet != RS_RET_OK) {
            /* if something fails, we accept loss of this property, it is
             * better than losing the whole message.
             */
            pNew->msgFlags &= ~NEEDS_DNSRESOL;
            pNew->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom = NULL; /* make sure no dangling values */
        }
    } else {
        if (pOld->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom != NULL) {
            pNew->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom = pOld->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom;
            prop.AddRef(pNew->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom);
        }
    }
    if (pOld->pRcvFromIP != NULL) {
        pNew->pRcvFromIP = pOld->pRcvFromIP;
        prop.AddRef(pNew->pRcvFromIP);
    }
    if (pOld->pRcvFromPort != NULL) {
        pNew->pRcvFromPort = pOld->pRcvFromPort;
        prop.AddRef(pNew->pRcvFromPort);
    }
    if (pOld->pInputName != NULL) {
        pNew->pInputName = pOld->pInputName;
        prop.AddRef(pNew->pInputName);
    }
    if (pOld->iLenTAG > 0) {
        if (pOld->iLenTAG < CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) {
            memcpy(pNew->TAG.szBuf, pOld->TAG.szBuf, pOld->iLenTAG + 1);
        } else {
            if ((pNew->TAG.pszTAG = srUtilStrDup(pOld->TAG.pszTAG, pOld->iLenTAG)) == NULL) {
                msgDestruct(&pNew);
                return NULL;
            }
            pNew->iLenTAG = pOld->iLenTAG;
        }
    }
    if (pOld->pszRawMsg == pOld->szRawMsg) {
        memcpy(pNew->szRawMsg, pOld->szRawMsg, pOld->iLenRawMsg + 1);
        pNew->pszRawMsg = pNew->szRawMsg;
    } else {
        tmpCOPYSZ(RawMsg);
    }
    if (pOld->pszHOSTNAME == NULL) {
        pNew->pszHOSTNAME = NULL;
    } else {
        if (pOld->iLenHOSTNAME < CONF_HOSTNAME_BUFSIZE) {
            memcpy(pNew->szHOSTNAME, pOld->szHOSTNAME, pOld->iLenHOSTNAME + 1);
            pNew->pszHOSTNAME = pNew->szHOSTNAME;
        } else {
            tmpCOPYSZ(HOSTNAME);
        }
    }
    if (pOld->pszStrucData == NULL) {
        pNew->pszStrucData = NULL;
    } else {
        pNew->pszStrucData = (uchar *)strdup((char *)pOld->pszStrucData);
        pNew->lenStrucData = pOld->lenStrucData;
    }

    tmpCOPYCSTR(APPNAME);
    tmpCOPYCSTR(PROCID);
    tmpCOPYCSTR(MSGID);

    if (pOld->json != NULL) pNew->json = jsonDeepCopy(pOld->json);
    if (pOld->localvars != NULL) pNew->localvars = jsonDeepCopy(pOld->localvars);

    /* we do not copy all other cache properties, as we do not even know
     * if they are needed once again. So we let them re-create if needed.
     */

    return pNew;
}
#undef tmpCOPYSZ
#undef tmpCOPYCSTR

/* Return a textual representation of @json.
 *
 * The pointer is owned by @json; do NOT free it.
 * To keep the string beyond the next mutation, serialization call,
 * or destruction of @json, make a copy (e.g., strdup()).
 */
static const char *jsonToString(struct json_object *const json) {
    if (!json) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (json_object_get_type(json) == json_type_string) {
        /* Direct pointer to internal string storage.
         * - Stable across repeated json_object_get_string() calls.
         * - Invalidated once the object is modified or fjson_object_put().
         */
        return json_object_get_string(json);
    }

    /* Non-string types serialize into json->_pb.
     * - json->_pb is reset/overwritten on every serialization or mutation.
     * - The returned pointer becomes invalid immediately after that.
     */
    return json_object_to_json_string_ext(json, glblJsonFormatOpt);
}

/* This method serializes a message object. That means the whole
 * object is modified into text form. That text form is suitable for
 * later reconstruction of the object by calling MsgDeSerialize().
 * The most common use case for this method is the creation of an
 * on-disk representation of the message object.
 * We do not serialize the cache properties. We re-create them when needed.
 * This saves us a lot of memory. Performance is no concern, as serializing
 * is a so slow operation that recration of the caches does not count. Also,
 * we do not serialize --currently none--, as this is only a helper variable
 * during msg construction - and never again used later.
 * rgerhards, 2008-01-03
 */
static rsRetVal MsgSerialize(smsg_t *pThis, strm_t *pStrm) {
    uchar *psz;
    int len;
    DEFiRet;

    assert(pThis != NULL);
    assert(pStrm != NULL);

    /* then serialize elements */
    CHKiRet(obj.BeginSerialize(pStrm, (obj_t *)pThis));
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, iProtocolVersion, SHORT);
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, iSeverity, SHORT);
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, iFacility, SHORT);
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, msgFlags, INT);
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, ttGenTime, INT);
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, tRcvdAt, SYSLOGTIME);
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, tTIMESTAMP, SYSLOGTIME);

    CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("pszTAG"), PROPTYPE_PSZ,
                              (void *)((pThis->iLenTAG < CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) ? pThis->TAG.szBuf : pThis->TAG.pszTAG)));

    objSerializePTR(pStrm, pszRawMsg, PSZ);
    objSerializePTR(pStrm, pszHOSTNAME, PSZ);
    getInputName(pThis, &psz, &len);
    CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("pszInputName"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, (void *)psz));
    psz = getRcvFrom(pThis);
    CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("pszRcvFrom"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, (void *)psz));
    psz = getRcvFromIP(pThis);
    CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("pszRcvFromIP"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, (void *)psz));
    psz = pThis->pszStrucData;
    CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("pszStrucData"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, (void *)psz));
    if (pThis->json != NULL) {
        MsgLock(pThis);
        psz = (uchar *)jsonToString(pThis->json);
        MsgUnlock(pThis);
        CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("json"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, (void *)psz));
    }
    if (pThis->localvars != NULL) {
        MsgLock(pThis);
        psz = (uchar *)jsonToString(pThis->localvars);
        MsgUnlock(pThis);
        CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("localvars"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, (void *)psz));
    }

    objSerializePTR(pStrm, pCSAPPNAME, CSTR);
    objSerializePTR(pStrm, pCSPROCID, CSTR);
    objSerializePTR(pStrm, pCSMSGID, CSTR);

    objSerializePTR(pStrm, pszUUID, PSZ);

    if (pThis->pRuleset != NULL) {
        CHKiRet(obj.SerializeProp(pStrm, UCHAR_CONSTANT("pszRuleset"), PROPTYPE_PSZ, rulesetGetName(pThis->pRuleset)));
    }

    /* offset must be serialized after pszRawMsg, because we need that to obtain the correct
     * MSG size.
     */
    objSerializeSCALAR(pStrm, offMSG, INT);

    CHKiRet(obj.EndSerialize(pStrm));

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* This is a helper for MsgDeserialize that re-inits the var object. This
 * whole construct should be replaced, var is really ready to be retired.
 * But as an interim help during refactoring let's introduce this function
 * here (and thus NOT as method of var object!). -- rgerhads, 2012-11-06
 */
static void reinitVar(var_t *pVar) {
    rsCStrDestruct(&pVar->pcsName); /* no longer needed */
    if (pVar->varType == VARTYPE_STR) {
        rsCStrDestruct(&pVar->val.pStr);
    }
    memset(&pVar->val, 0, sizeof(pVar->val));
    pVar->varType = VARTYPE_NONE;
}
/* deserialize the message again
 * we deserialize the properties in the same order that we serialized them. Except
 * for some checks to cover downlevel version, we do not need to do all these
 * CPU intense name checkings.
 */
#define isProp(name) !rsCStrSzStrCmp(pVar->pcsName, (uchar *)name, sizeof(name) - 1)
rsRetVal MsgDeserialize(smsg_t *const pMsg, strm_t *pStrm) {
    prop_t *myProp;
    prop_t *propRcvFrom = NULL;
    prop_t *propRcvFromIP = NULL;
    struct json_tokener *tokener;
    var_t *pVar = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pStrm, strm);

    CHKiRet(var.Construct(&pVar));
    CHKiRet(var.ConstructFinalize(pVar));

    CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    if (isProp("iProtocolVersion")) {
        setProtocolVersion(pMsg, pVar->val.num);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("iSeverity")) {
        pMsg->iSeverity = pVar->val.num;
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("iFacility")) {
        pMsg->iFacility = pVar->val.num;
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("msgFlags")) {
        pMsg->msgFlags = pVar->val.num;
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("ttGenTime")) {
        pMsg->ttGenTime = pVar->val.num;
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("tRcvdAt")) {
        memcpy(&pMsg->tRcvdAt, &pVar->val.vSyslogTime, sizeof(struct syslogTime));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("tTIMESTAMP")) {
        memcpy(&pMsg->tTIMESTAMP, &pVar->val.vSyslogTime, sizeof(struct syslogTime));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszTAG")) {
        MsgSetTAG(pMsg, rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), cstrLen(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszRawMsg")) {
        MsgSetRawMsg(pMsg, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), cstrLen(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszHOSTNAME")) {
        MsgSetHOSTNAME(pMsg, rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), rsCStrLen(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszInputName")) {
        /* we need to create a property */
        CHKiRet(prop.Construct(&myProp));
        CHKiRet(prop.SetString(myProp, rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), rsCStrLen(pVar->val.pStr)));
        CHKiRet(prop.ConstructFinalize(myProp));
        MsgSetInputName(pMsg, myProp);
        prop.Destruct(&myProp);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszRcvFrom")) {
        MsgSetRcvFromStr(pMsg, rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), rsCStrLen(pVar->val.pStr), &propRcvFrom);
        prop.Destruct(&propRcvFrom);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszRcvFromIP")) {
        MsgSetRcvFromIPStr(pMsg, rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), rsCStrLen(pVar->val.pStr), &propRcvFromIP);
        prop.Destruct(&propRcvFromIP);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszStrucData")) {
        MsgSetStructuredData(pMsg, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("json")) {
        tokener = json_tokener_new();
        pMsg->json =
            json_tokener_parse_ex(tokener, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), cstrLen(pVar->val.pStr));
        json_tokener_free(tokener);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("localvars")) {
        tokener = json_tokener_new();
        pMsg->localvars =
            json_tokener_parse_ex(tokener, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr), cstrLen(pVar->val.pStr));
        json_tokener_free(tokener);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pCSAPPNAME")) {
        MsgSetAPPNAME(pMsg, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pCSPROCID")) {
        MsgSetPROCID(pMsg, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pCSMSGID")) {
        MsgSetMSGID(pMsg, (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszUUID")) {
        pMsg->pszUUID = ustrdup(rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->val.pStr));
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    if (isProp("pszRuleset")) {
        MsgSetRulesetByName(pMsg, pVar->val.pStr);
        reinitVar(pVar);
        CHKiRet(objDeserializeProperty(pVar, pStrm));
    }
    /* "offMSG" must always be our last field, so we use this as an
     * indicator if the sequence is correct. This is a bit questionable,
     * but on the other hand it works decently AND we will probably replace
     * the whole persisted format soon in any case. -- rgerhards, 2012-11-06
     */
    if (!isProp("offMSG")) {
        DBGPRINTF("error property: %s\n", rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pVar->pcsName));
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_DS_PROP_SEQ_ERR);
    }
    MsgSetMSGoffs(pMsg, pVar->val.num);
finalize_it:
    if (pVar != NULL) var.Destruct(&pVar);
    if (Debug && iRet != RS_RET_OK) {
        dbgprintf("MsgDeserialize error %d\n", iRet);
    }
    RETiRet;
}
#undef isProp


/* Increment reference count - see description of the "msg"
 * structure for details. As a convenience to developers,
 * this method returns the msg pointer that is passed to it.
 * It is recommended that it is called as follows:
 *
 * pSecondMsgPointer = MsgAddRef(pOrgMsgPointer);
 */
smsg_t *MsgAddRef(smsg_t *const pM) {
    assert(pM != NULL);
#ifdef HAVE_ATOMIC_BUILTINS
    ATOMIC_INC(&pM->iRefCount, NULL);
#else
    MsgLock(pM);
    pM->iRefCount++;
    MsgUnlock(pM);
#endif
#if DEV_DEBUG == 1
    dbgprintf("MsgAddRef\t0x%x done, Ref now: %d\n", (int)pM, pM->iRefCount);
#endif
    return (pM);
}


/* This functions tries to acquire the PROCID from TAG. Its primary use is
 * when a legacy syslog message has been received and should be forwarded as
 * syslog-protocol (or the PROCID is requested for any other reason).
 * In legacy syslog, the PROCID is considered to be the character sequence
 * between the first [ and the first ]. This usually are digits only, but we
 * do not check that. However, if there is no closing ], we do not assume we
 * can obtain a PROCID. Take in mind that not every legacy syslog message
 * actually has a PROCID.
 * rgerhards, 2005-11-24
 * THIS MUST be called with the message lock locked.
 */
static rsRetVal acquirePROCIDFromTAG(smsg_t *const pM) {
    register int i;
    uchar *pszTag;
    DEFiRet;

    assert(pM != NULL);

    if (pM->pCSPROCID != NULL) return RS_RET_OK; /* we are already done ;) */

    if (msgGetProtocolVersion(pM) != 0) return RS_RET_OK; /* we can only emulate if we have legacy format */

    pszTag = (uchar *)((pM->iLenTAG < CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) ? pM->TAG.szBuf : pM->TAG.pszTAG);

    /* find first '['... */
    i = 0;
    while ((i < pM->iLenTAG) && (pszTag[i] != '[')) ++i;
    if (!(i < pM->iLenTAG)) return RS_RET_OK; /* no [, so can not emulate... */

    ++i; /* skip '[' */

    /* now obtain the PROCID string... */
    CHKiRet(cstrConstruct(&pM->pCSPROCID));
    while ((i < pM->iLenTAG) && (pszTag[i] != ']')) {
        CHKiRet(cstrAppendChar(pM->pCSPROCID, pszTag[i]));
        ++i;
    }

    if (!(i < pM->iLenTAG)) {
        /* oops... it looked like we had a PROCID, but now it has
         * turned out this is not true. In this case, we need to free
         * the buffer and simply return. Note that this is NOT an error
         * case!
         */
        cstrDestruct(&pM->pCSPROCID);
        FINALIZE;
    }

    /* OK, finally we could obtain a PROCID. So let's use it ;) */
    cstrFinalize(pM->pCSPROCID);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Parse and set the "programname" for a given MSG object. Programname
 * is a BSD concept, it is the tag without any instance-specific information.
 * Precisely, the programname is terminated by either (whichever occurs first):
 * - end of tag
 * - nonprintable character
 * - ':'
 * - '['
 * - '/'
 * The above definition has been taken from the FreeBSD syslogd sources.
 *
 * The program name is not parsed by default, because it is infrequently-used.
 * IMPORTANT: A locked message object must be provided, else a crash will occur.
 * rgerhards, 2005-10-19
 */
static rsRetVal acquireProgramName(smsg_t *const pM) {
    int i;
    uchar *pszTag, *pszProgName;
    DEFiRet;

    assert(pM != NULL);
    pszTag = (uchar *)((pM->iLenTAG < CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) ? pM->TAG.szBuf : pM->TAG.pszTAG);
    for (i = 0; (i < pM->iLenTAG) && isprint((int)pszTag[i]) && (pszTag[i] != '\0') && (pszTag[i] != ':') &&
                (pszTag[i] != '[') && (runConf->globals.parser.bPermitSlashInProgramname || (pszTag[i] != '/'));
         ++i); /* just search end of PROGNAME */
    if (i < CONF_PROGNAME_BUFSIZE) {
        pszProgName = pM->PROGNAME.szBuf;
    } else {
        CHKmalloc(pM->PROGNAME.ptr = malloc(i + 1));
        pszProgName = pM->PROGNAME.ptr;
    }
    memcpy((char *)pszProgName, (char *)pszTag, i);
    pszProgName[i] = '\0';
    pM->iLenPROGNAME = i;
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Access methods - dumb & easy, not a comment for each ;)
 */
void setProtocolVersion(smsg_t *const pM, int iNewVersion) {
    assert(pM != NULL);
    if (iNewVersion != 0 && iNewVersion != 1) {
        dbgprintf("Tried to set unsupported protocol version %d - changed to 0.\n", iNewVersion);
        iNewVersion = 0;
    }
    pM->iProtocolVersion = iNewVersion;
}

/* note: string is taken from constant pool, do NOT free */
static const char *getProtocolVersionString(smsg_t *const pM) {
    assert(pM != NULL);
    return (pM->iProtocolVersion ? "1" : "0");
}

void msgSetPRI(smsg_t *const __restrict__ pMsg, syslog_pri_t pri) {
    if (pri > LOG_MAXPRI) pri = LOG_PRI_INVLD;
    pMsg->iFacility = pri2fac(pri), pMsg->iSeverity = pri2sev(pri);
}

#ifdef USE_LIBUUID
/* note: libuuid seems not to be thread-safe, so we need
 * to get some safeguards in place.
 */
static pthread_mutex_t mutUUID = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

static void call_uuid_generate(uuid_t uuid) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutUUID);
    pthread_cleanup_push(mutexCancelCleanup, &mutUUID);
    uuid_generate(uuid);
    pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
}

static void msgSetUUID(smsg_t *const pM) {
    size_t lenRes = sizeof(uuid_t) * 2 + 1;
    char hex_char[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    unsigned int byte_nbr;
    uuid_t uuid;

    dbgprintf("[MsgSetUUID] START, lenRes %llu\n", (long long unsigned)lenRes);
    assert(pM != NULL);

    if ((pM->pszUUID = (uchar *)malloc(lenRes)) == NULL) {
        pM->pszUUID = (uchar *)"";
    } else {
        call_uuid_generate(uuid);
        for (byte_nbr = 0; byte_nbr < sizeof(uuid_t); byte_nbr++) {
            pM->pszUUID[byte_nbr * 2 + 0] = hex_char[uuid[byte_nbr] >> 4];
            pM->pszUUID[byte_nbr * 2 + 1] = hex_char[uuid[byte_nbr] & 15];
        }

        pM->pszUUID[lenRes - 1] = '\0';
        dbgprintf("[MsgSetUUID] UUID : %s LEN: %d \n", pM->pszUUID, (int)lenRes);
    }
    dbgprintf("[MsgSetUUID] END\n");
}

static void getUUID(smsg_t *const pM, uchar **pBuf, int *piLen) {
    dbgprintf("[getUUID] START\n");
    if (pM == NULL) {
        dbgprintf("[getUUID] pM is NULL\n");
        *pBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        *piLen = 0;
    } else {
        if (pM->pszUUID == NULL) {
            dbgprintf("[getUUID] pM->pszUUID is NULL\n");
            MsgLock(pM);
            /* re-query, things may have changed in the mean time... */
            if (pM->pszUUID == NULL) msgSetUUID(pM);
            MsgUnlock(pM);
        } else { /* UUID already there we reuse it */
            dbgprintf("[getUUID] pM->pszUUID already exists\n");
        }
        *pBuf = pM->pszUUID;
        *piLen = sizeof(uuid_t) * 2;
    }
    dbgprintf("[getUUID] END\n");
}
#endif

int ATTR_NONNULL() getRawMsgLen(const smsg_t *const pMsg) {
    return (pMsg->pszRawMsg == NULL) ? 0 : pMsg->iLenRawMsg;
}

void getRawMsg(const smsg_t *const pM, uchar **pBuf, int *piLen) {
    if (pM == NULL) {
        *pBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        *piLen = 0;
    } else {
        if (pM->pszRawMsg == NULL) {
            *pBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
            *piLen = 0;
        } else {
            *pBuf = pM->pszRawMsg;
            *piLen = pM->iLenRawMsg;
        }
    }
}

void getRawMsgAfterPRI(smsg_t *const pM, uchar **pBuf, int *piLen) {
    if (pM == NULL) {
        *pBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        *piLen = 0;
    } else {
        if (pM->pszRawMsg == NULL) {
            *pBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
            *piLen = 0;
        } else {
            /* unfortunately, pM->offAfterPRI seems NOT to be
             * correct/consistent in all cases. imuxsock and imudp
             * seem to have other values than imptcp. Testbench
             * covers some of that. As a work-around, we caluculate
             * the value ourselfes here. -- rgerhards, 2015-10-09
             */
            size_t offAfterPRI = 0;
            if (pM->pszRawMsg[0] == '<') { /* do we have a PRI? */
                if (pM->pszRawMsg[2] == '>')
                    offAfterPRI = 3;
                else if (pM->pszRawMsg[3] == '>')
                    offAfterPRI = 4;
                else if (pM->pszRawMsg[4] == '>')
                    offAfterPRI = 5;
            }
            *pBuf = pM->pszRawMsg + offAfterPRI;
            *piLen = pM->iLenRawMsg - offAfterPRI;
        }
    }
}


/* note: setMSGLen() is only for friends who really know what they
 * do. Setting an invalid length can be desasterous!
 */
void setMSGLen(smsg_t *const pM, int lenMsg) {
    pM->iLenMSG = lenMsg;
}

int getMSGLen(smsg_t *const pM) {
    return ((pM == NULL) ? 0 : pM->iLenMSG);
}

uchar *getMSG(smsg_t *const pM) {
    uchar *ret;
    if (pM == NULL)
        ret = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
    else {
        if (pM->iLenMSG == 0)
            ret = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        else
            ret = pM->pszRawMsg + pM->offMSG;
    }
    return ret;
}


/* Get PRI value as integer */
int getPRIi(const smsg_t *const pM) {
    syslog_pri_t pri = (pM->iFacility << 3) + (pM->iSeverity);
    if (pri > 191) pri = LOG_PRI_INVLD;
    return pri;
}


/* Get PRI value in text form
 */
const char *getPRI(smsg_t *const pM) {
    /* PRI is a number in the range 0..191. Thus, we use a simple lookup table to obtain the
     * string value. It looks a bit clumpsy here in code ;)
     */
    int iPRI;

    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    iPRI = getPRIi(pM);
    return (iPRI > 191) ? "invld" : (char *)syslog_pri_names[iPRI].pszName;
}


static const char *formatISOWeekOrYear(enum tplFormatTypes eFmt, struct syslogTime *pTm) {
    if (pTm->year >= 1970 && pTm->year <= 2099) {
        int isoWeekYear;
        int isoWeek;

        isoWeek = getISOWeek(pTm, &isoWeekYear);

        if (eFmt == tplFmtISOWeek) {
            return two_digits[isoWeek];
        } else {
            return years[isoWeekYear - 1967];
        }
    } else {
        return "YEAR OUT OF RANGE(1970-2099)";
    }
}

const char *getTimeReported(smsg_t *const pM, enum tplFormatTypes eFmt) {
    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    switch (eFmt) {
        case tplFmtDefault:
        case tplFmtRFC3164Date:
        case tplFmtRFC3164BuggyDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP3164 == NULL) {
                pM->pszTIMESTAMP3164 = pM->pszTimestamp3164;
                datetime.formatTimestamp3164(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, pM->pszTIMESTAMP3164, (eFmt == tplFmtRFC3164BuggyDate));
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszTIMESTAMP3164);
        case tplFmtMySQLDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_MySQL == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszTIMESTAMP_MySQL = malloc(15)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestampToMySQL(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, pM->pszTIMESTAMP_MySQL);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_MySQL);
        case tplFmtPgSQLDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_PgSQL == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszTIMESTAMP_PgSQL = malloc(21)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestampToPgSQL(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, pM->pszTIMESTAMP_PgSQL);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_PgSQL);
        case tplFmtRFC3339Date:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP3339 == NULL) {
                pM->pszTIMESTAMP3339 = pM->pszTimestamp3339;
                datetime.formatTimestamp3339(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, pM->pszTIMESTAMP3339);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszTIMESTAMP3339);
        case tplFmtUnixDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_Unix[0] == '\0') {
                datetime.formatTimestampUnix(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, pM->pszTIMESTAMP_Unix);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_Unix);
        case tplFmtSecFrac:
            if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_SecFrac[0] == '\0') {
                MsgLock(pM);
                /* re-check, may have changed while we did not hold lock */
                if (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_SecFrac[0] == '\0') {
                    datetime.formatTimestampSecFrac(&pM->tTIMESTAMP, pM->pszTIMESTAMP_SecFrac);
                }
                MsgUnlock(pM);
            }
            return (pM->pszTIMESTAMP_SecFrac);
        case tplFmtWDayName:
            return wdayNames[getWeekdayNbr(&pM->tTIMESTAMP)];
        case tplFmtWDay:
            return one_digit[getWeekdayNbr(&pM->tTIMESTAMP)];
        case tplFmtMonth:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.month];
        case tplFmtYear:
            if (pM->tTIMESTAMP.year >= 1967 && pM->tTIMESTAMP.year <= 2099)
                return years[pM->tTIMESTAMP.year - 1967];
            else
                return "YEAR OUT OF RANGE(1967-2099)";
        case tplFmtDay:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.day];
        case tplFmtHour:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.hour];
        case tplFmtMinute:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.minute];
        case tplFmtSecond:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.second];
        case tplFmtTZOffsHour:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.OffsetHour];
        case tplFmtTZOffsMin:
            return two_digits[(int)pM->tTIMESTAMP.OffsetMinute];
        case tplFmtTZOffsDirection:
            return (pM->tTIMESTAMP.OffsetMode == '+') ? "+" : "-";
        case tplFmtOrdinal:
            return daysInYear[getOrdinal(&pM->tTIMESTAMP)];
        case tplFmtWeek:
            return two_digits[getWeek(&pM->tTIMESTAMP)];
        case tplFmtISOWeek:
        case tplFmtISOWeekYear:
            return formatISOWeekOrYear(eFmt, &pM->tTIMESTAMP);
        default:
            return "INVALID eFmt OPTION!";
    }
}


static const char *getTimeUTC(struct syslogTime *const __restrict__ pTmIn,
                              const enum tplFormatTypes eFmt,
                              unsigned short *const __restrict__ pbMustBeFreed) {
    struct syslogTime tUTC;
    char *retbuf = NULL;

    timeConvertToUTC(pTmIn, &tUTC);
    struct syslogTime *const pTm = &tUTC;

    switch (eFmt) {
        case tplFmtDefault:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(16)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestamp3164(pTm, retbuf, 0);
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtMySQLDate:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(15)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestampToMySQL(pTm, retbuf);
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtPgSQLDate:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(21)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestampToPgSQL(pTm, retbuf);
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtRFC3164Date:
        case tplFmtRFC3164BuggyDate:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(16)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestamp3164(pTm, retbuf, (eFmt == tplFmtRFC3164BuggyDate));
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtRFC3339Date:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(33)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestamp3339(pTm, retbuf);
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtUnixDate:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(12)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestampUnix(pTm, retbuf);
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtSecFrac:
            if ((retbuf = malloc(7)) != NULL) {
                datetime.formatTimestampSecFrac(pTm, retbuf);
            }
            break;
        case tplFmtWDayName:
            retbuf = strdup(wdayNames[getWeekdayNbr(pTm)]);
            break;
        case tplFmtWDay:
            retbuf = strdup(one_digit[getWeekdayNbr(pTm)]);
            break;
        case tplFmtMonth:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->month]);
            break;
        case tplFmtYear:
            if (pTm->year >= 1967 && pTm->year <= 2099)
                retbuf = strdup(years[pTm->year - 1967]);
            else
                retbuf = strdup("YEAR OUT OF RANGE(1967-2099)");
            break;
        case tplFmtDay:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->day]);
            break;
        case tplFmtHour:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->hour]);
            break;
        case tplFmtMinute:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->minute]);
            break;
        case tplFmtSecond:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->second]);
            break;
        case tplFmtTZOffsHour:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->OffsetHour]);
            break;
        case tplFmtTZOffsMin:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[(int)pTm->OffsetMinute]);
            break;
        case tplFmtTZOffsDirection:
            retbuf = strdup((pTm->OffsetMode == '+') ? "+" : "-");
            break;
        case tplFmtOrdinal:
            retbuf = strdup(daysInYear[getOrdinal(pTm)]);
            break;
        case tplFmtWeek:
            retbuf = strdup(two_digits[getWeek(pTm)]);
            break;
        case tplFmtISOWeek:
        case tplFmtISOWeekYear:
            retbuf = strdup(formatISOWeekOrYear(eFmt, pTm));
            break;
        default:
            // Required to prevent compiler warning C4062 (unhandled enum value).
            // Unhandled eFmt values are correctly managed by the subsequent if(retbuf == NULL) check.
            break;
    }

    if (retbuf == NULL) {
        retbuf = (char *)"internal error: invalid eFmt option or malloc problem";
        *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
    } else {
        *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
    }
    return retbuf;
}

static const char *getTimeGenerated(smsg_t *const __restrict__ pM, const enum tplFormatTypes eFmt) {
    struct syslogTime *const pTm = &pM->tRcvdAt;
    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    switch (eFmt) {
        case tplFmtDefault:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt3164 == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszRcvdAt3164 = malloc(16)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestamp3164(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt3164, 0);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt3164);
        case tplFmtMySQLDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt_MySQL == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszRcvdAt_MySQL = malloc(15)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestampToMySQL(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt_MySQL);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt_MySQL);
        case tplFmtPgSQLDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt_PgSQL == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszRcvdAt_PgSQL = malloc(21)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestampToPgSQL(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt_PgSQL);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt_PgSQL);
        case tplFmtRFC3164Date:
        case tplFmtRFC3164BuggyDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt3164 == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszRcvdAt3164 = malloc(16)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestamp3164(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt3164, (eFmt == tplFmtRFC3164BuggyDate));
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt3164);
        case tplFmtRFC3339Date:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt3339 == NULL) {
                if ((pM->pszRcvdAt3339 = malloc(33)) == NULL) {
                    MsgUnlock(pM);
                    return "";
                }
                datetime.formatTimestamp3339(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt3339);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt3339);
        case tplFmtUnixDate:
            MsgLock(pM);
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt_Unix[0] == '\0') {
                datetime.formatTimestampUnix(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt_Unix);
            }
            MsgUnlock(pM);
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt_Unix);
        case tplFmtSecFrac:
            if (pM->pszRcvdAt_SecFrac[0] == '\0') {
                MsgLock(pM);
                /* re-check, may have changed while we did not hold lock */
                if (pM->pszRcvdAt_SecFrac[0] == '\0') {
                    datetime.formatTimestampSecFrac(pTm, pM->pszRcvdAt_SecFrac);
                }
                MsgUnlock(pM);
            }
            return (pM->pszRcvdAt_SecFrac);
        case tplFmtWDayName:
            return wdayNames[getWeekdayNbr(pTm)];
        case tplFmtWDay:
            return one_digit[getWeekdayNbr(pTm)];
        case tplFmtMonth:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->month];
        case tplFmtYear:
            if (pTm->year >= 1967 && pTm->year <= 2099)
                return years[pTm->year - 1967];
            else
                return "YEAR OUT OF RANGE(1967-2099)";
        case tplFmtDay:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->day];
        case tplFmtHour:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->hour];
        case tplFmtMinute:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->minute];
        case tplFmtSecond:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->second];
        case tplFmtTZOffsHour:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->OffsetHour];
        case tplFmtTZOffsMin:
            return two_digits[(int)pTm->OffsetMinute];
        case tplFmtTZOffsDirection:
            return (pTm->OffsetMode == '+') ? "+" : "-";
        case tplFmtOrdinal:
            return daysInYear[getOrdinal(pTm)];
        case tplFmtWeek:
            return two_digits[getWeek(pTm)];
        case tplFmtISOWeek:
        case tplFmtISOWeekYear:
            return formatISOWeekOrYear(eFmt, pTm);
        default:
            return "INVALID eFmt OPTION!";
    }
}


static const char *getSeverity(smsg_t *const pM) {
    const char *name = NULL;

    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    if (pM->iSeverity > 7) {
        name = "invld";
    } else {
        name = syslog_number_names[pM->iSeverity];
    }

    return name;
}


static const char *getSeverityStr(smsg_t *const pM) {
    const char *name = NULL;

    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    if (pM->iSeverity > 7) {
        name = "invld";
    } else {
        name = syslog_severity_names[pM->iSeverity];
    }

    return name;
}

static const char *getFacility(smsg_t *const pM) {
    const char *name = NULL;

    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    if (pM->iFacility > 23) {
        name = "invld";
    } else {
        name = syslog_number_names[pM->iFacility];
    }

    return name;
}

static const char *getFacilityStr(smsg_t *const pM) {
    const char *name = NULL;

    if (pM == NULL) return "";

    if (pM->iFacility > 23) {
        name = "invld";
    } else {
        name = syslog_fac_names[pM->iFacility];
    }

    return name;
}


/* set flow control state (if not called, the default - NO_DELAY - is used)
 * This needs no locking because it is only done while the object is
 * not fully constructed (which also means you must not call this
 * method after the msg has been handed over to a queue).
 * rgerhards, 2008-03-14
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetFlowControlType(smsg_t *const pMsg, flowControl_t eFlowCtl) {
    DEFiRet;
    assert(pMsg != NULL);
    assert(eFlowCtl == eFLOWCTL_NO_DELAY || eFlowCtl == eFLOWCTL_LIGHT_DELAY || eFlowCtl == eFLOWCTL_FULL_DELAY);

    pMsg->flowCtlType = eFlowCtl;

    RETiRet;
}

/* set offset after which PRI in raw msg starts
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-16
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetAfterPRIOffs(smsg_t *const pMsg, int offs) {
    assert(pMsg != NULL);
    pMsg->offAfterPRI = offs;
    return RS_RET_OK;
}


/* rgerhards 2004-11-24: set APP-NAME in msg object
 * This is not locked, because it either is called during message
 * construction (where we need no locking) or later as part of a function
 * which already obtained the lock. So in general, this function here must
 * only be called when it it safe to do so without it aquiring a lock.
 */
rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL(1, 2) MsgSetAPPNAME(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg, const char *pszAPPNAME) {
    DEFiRet;
    assert(pMsg != NULL);
    if (pszAPPNAME[0] == '\0') {
        pszAPPNAME = "-"; /* RFC5424 NIL value */
    }
    if (pMsg->pCSAPPNAME == NULL) {
        /* we need to obtain the object first */
        CHKiRet(rsCStrConstruct(&pMsg->pCSAPPNAME));
    }
    /* if we reach this point, we have the object */
    CHKiRet(rsCStrSetSzStr(pMsg->pCSAPPNAME, (uchar *)pszAPPNAME));
    cstrFinalize(pMsg->pCSAPPNAME);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* rgerhards 2004-11-24: set PROCID in msg object
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetPROCID(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg, const char *pszPROCID) {
    DEFiRet;
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pMsg, msg);
    if (pMsg->pCSPROCID == NULL) {
        /* we need to obtain the object first */
        CHKiRet(cstrConstruct(&pMsg->pCSPROCID));
    }
    /* if we reach this point, we have the object */
    CHKiRet(rsCStrSetSzStr(pMsg->pCSPROCID, (uchar *)pszPROCID));
    cstrFinalize(pMsg->pCSPROCID);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* check if we have a procid, and, if not, try to acquire/emulate it.
 * This must be called WITHOUT the message lock being held.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-26
 */
static void preparePROCID(smsg_t *const pM, sbool bLockMutex) {
    if (pM->pCSPROCID == NULL) {
        if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgLock(pM);
        /* re-query, things may have changed in the mean time... */
        if (pM->pCSPROCID == NULL) acquirePROCIDFromTAG(pM);
        if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
    }
}


#if 0
/* rgerhards, 2005-11-24
 */
static int getPROCIDLen(smsg_t *pM, sbool bLockMutex)
{
	assert(pM != NULL);
	preparePROCID(pM, bLockMutex);
	return (pM->pCSPROCID == NULL) ? 1 : rsCStrLen(pM->pCSPROCID);
}
#endif


/* rgerhards, 2005-11-24
 */
char *getPROCID(smsg_t *const pM, sbool bLockMutex) {
    uchar *pszRet;

    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pM, msg);
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgLock(pM);
    preparePROCID(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED);
    if (pM->pCSPROCID == NULL)
        pszRet = UCHAR_CONSTANT("-");
    else
        pszRet = rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pM->pCSPROCID);
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
    return (char *)pszRet;
}


/* rgerhards 2004-11-24: set MSGID in msg object
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetMSGID(smsg_t *const pMsg, const char *pszMSGID) {
    DEFiRet;
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pMsg, msg);
    if (pMsg->pCSMSGID == NULL) {
        /* we need to obtain the object first */
        CHKiRet(rsCStrConstruct(&pMsg->pCSMSGID));
    }
    /* if we reach this point, we have the object */
    CHKiRet(rsCStrSetSzStr(pMsg->pCSMSGID, (uchar *)pszMSGID));
    cstrFinalize(pMsg->pCSMSGID);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Return state of last parser. If it had success, "OK" is returned, else
 * "FAIL". All from the constant pool.
 */
static const char *getParseSuccess(smsg_t *const pM) {
    return (pM->bParseSuccess) ? "OK" : "FAIL";
}


/* al, 2011-07-26: LockMsg to avoid race conditions
 */
static const char *getMSGID(smsg_t *const pM) {
    if (pM->pCSMSGID == NULL) {
        return "-";
    } else {
        MsgLock(pM);
        char *pszreturn = (char *)rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pM->pCSMSGID);
        MsgUnlock(pM);
        return pszreturn;
    }
}

/* rgerhards 2012-03-15: set parser success (an integer, acutally bool)
 */
void MsgSetParseSuccess(smsg_t *const pMsg, int bSuccess) {
    assert(pMsg != NULL);
    pMsg->bParseSuccess = bSuccess;
}


/* return full message as a json string */
const uchar *msgGetJSONMESG(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg) {
    struct json_object *json;
    struct json_object *jval;
    uchar *pRes; /* result pointer */
    rs_size_t bufLen = -1; /* length of string or -1, if not known */

    json = json_object_new_object();

    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)getMSG(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "msg", jval);

    getRawMsg(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    json_object_object_add(json, "rawmsg", jval);

    pRes = (uchar *)getTimeReported(pMsg, tplFmtRFC3339Date);
    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    json_object_object_add(json, "timereported", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getHOSTNAME(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "hostname", jval);

    getTAG(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen, LOCK_MUTEX);
    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    json_object_object_add(json, "syslogtag", jval);

    getInputName(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    json_object_object_add(json, "inputname", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)getRcvFrom(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "fromhost", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)getRcvFromIP(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "fromhost-ip", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)getRcvFromPort(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "fromhost-port", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getPRI(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "pri", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getFacility(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "syslogfacility", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getSeverity(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "syslogseverity", jval);

    pRes = (uchar *)getTimeGenerated(pMsg, tplFmtRFC3339Date);
    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    json_object_object_add(json, "timegenerated", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)getProgramName(pMsg, LOCK_MUTEX));
    json_object_object_add(json, "programname", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getProtocolVersionString(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "protocol-version", jval);

    MsgGetStructuredData(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
    jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    json_object_object_add(json, "structured-data", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getAPPNAME(pMsg, LOCK_MUTEX));
    json_object_object_add(json, "app-name", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getPROCID(pMsg, LOCK_MUTEX));
    json_object_object_add(json, "procid", jval);

    jval = json_object_new_string(getMSGID(pMsg));
    json_object_object_add(json, "msgid", jval);

#ifdef USE_LIBUUID
    if (pMsg->pszUUID == NULL) {
        jval = NULL;
    } else {
        getUUID(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
        jval = json_object_new_string((char *)pRes);
    }
    json_object_object_add(json, "uuid", jval);
#endif

    json_object_object_add(json, "$!", json_object_get(pMsg->json));

    pRes = (uchar *)strdup(jsonToString(json));
    json_object_put(json);
    return pRes;
}

/* rgerhards 2009-06-12: set associated ruleset
 */
void MsgSetRuleset(smsg_t *const pMsg, ruleset_t *pRuleset) {
    assert(pMsg != NULL);
    pMsg->pRuleset = pRuleset;
}


/* set TAG in msg object
 * (rewritten 2009-06-18 rgerhards)
 */
void MsgSetTAG(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg, const uchar *pszBuf, const size_t lenBuf) {
    uchar *pBuf;
    assert(pMsg != NULL);

    freeTAG(pMsg);

    pMsg->iLenTAG = lenBuf;
    if (pMsg->iLenTAG < CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) {
        /* small enough: use fixed buffer (faster!) */
        pBuf = pMsg->TAG.szBuf;
    } else {
        if ((pBuf = (uchar *)malloc(pMsg->iLenTAG + 1)) == NULL) {
            /* truncate message, better than completely loosing it... */
            pBuf = pMsg->TAG.szBuf;
            pMsg->iLenTAG = CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE - 1;
        } else {
            pMsg->TAG.pszTAG = pBuf;
        }
    }

    memcpy(pBuf, pszBuf, pMsg->iLenTAG);
    pBuf[pMsg->iLenTAG] = '\0'; /* this also works with truncation! */
}


/* This function tries to emulate the TAG if none is
 * set. Its primary purpose is to provide an old-style TAG
 * when a syslog-protocol message has been received. Then,
 * the tag is APP-NAME "[" PROCID "]". The function first checks
 * if there is a TAG and, if not, if it can emulate it.
 * rgerhards, 2005-11-24
 */
static void ATTR_NONNULL(1) tryEmulateTAG(smsg_t *const pM, const sbool bLockMutex) {
    size_t lenTAG;
    uchar bufTAG[CONF_TAG_MAXSIZE];
    assert(pM != NULL);

    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgLock(pM);
    if (pM->iLenTAG > 0) {
        if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
        return; /* done, no need to emulate */
    }

    if (msgGetProtocolVersion(pM) == 1) {
        if (!strcmp(getPROCID(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED), "-")) {
            /* no process ID, use APP-NAME only */
            MsgSetTAG(pM, (uchar *)getAPPNAME(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED), getAPPNAMELen(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED));
        } else {
            /* now we can try to emulate */
            lenTAG = snprintf((char *)bufTAG, CONF_TAG_MAXSIZE, "%s[%s]", getAPPNAME(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED),
                              getPROCID(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED));
            bufTAG[sizeof(bufTAG) - 1] = '\0'; /* just to make sure... */
            MsgSetTAG(pM, bufTAG, lenTAG);
        }
        /* Signal change in TAG for acquireProgramName */
        pM->iLenPROGNAME = -1;
    }
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
}


void ATTR_NONNULL(2, 3) getTAG(smsg_t *const pM, uchar **const ppBuf, int *const piLen, const sbool bLockMutex) {
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgLock(pM);

    if (pM == NULL) {
        *ppBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        *piLen = 0;
    } else {
        if (pM->iLenTAG == 0) tryEmulateTAG(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED);
        if (pM->iLenTAG == 0) {
            *ppBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
            *piLen = 0;
        } else {
            *ppBuf = (pM->iLenTAG < CONF_TAG_BUFSIZE) ? pM->TAG.szBuf : pM->TAG.pszTAG;
            *piLen = pM->iLenTAG;
        }
    }

    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
}


int getHOSTNAMELen(smsg_t *const pM) {
    if (pM == NULL)
        return 0;
    else if (pM->pszHOSTNAME == NULL) {
        resolveDNS(pM);
        if (pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom == NULL)
            return 0;
        else
            return prop.GetStringLen(pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom);
    } else
        return pM->iLenHOSTNAME;
}


const char *getHOSTNAME(smsg_t *const pM) {
    if (pM == NULL)
        return "";
    else if (pM->pszHOSTNAME == NULL) {
        resolveDNS(pM);
        if (pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom == NULL) {
            return "";
        } else {
            uchar *psz;
            int len;
            prop.GetString(pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom, &psz, &len);
            return (char *)psz;
        }
    } else {
        return (char *)pM->pszHOSTNAME;
    }
}


uchar *getRcvFrom(smsg_t *const pM) {
    uchar *psz;
    int len;

    if (pM == NULL) {
        psz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
    } else {
        resolveDNS(pM);
        if (pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom == NULL)
            psz = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
        else
            prop.GetString(pM->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom, &psz, &len);
    }
    return psz;
}


/* rgerhards 2004-11-24: set STRUCTURED DATA in msg object
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetStructuredData(smsg_t *const pMsg, const char *pszStrucData) {
    DEFiRet;
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pMsg, msg);
    free(pMsg->pszStrucData);
    CHKmalloc(pMsg->pszStrucData = (uchar *)strdup(pszStrucData));
    pMsg->lenStrucData = strlen(pszStrucData);
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* get the "STRUCTURED-DATA" as sz string, including length */
void MsgGetStructuredData(smsg_t *const pM, uchar **pBuf, rs_size_t *len) {
    MsgLock(pM);
    if (pM->pszStrucData == NULL) {
        *pBuf = UCHAR_CONSTANT("-"), *len = 1;
    } else {
        *pBuf = pM->pszStrucData, *len = pM->lenStrucData;
    }
    MsgUnlock(pM);
}

/* get the "programname" as sz string
 * rgerhards, 2005-10-19
 */
uchar *ATTR_NONNULL(1) getProgramName(smsg_t *const pM, const sbool bLockMutex) {
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) {
        MsgLock(pM);
    }

    if (pM->iLenPROGNAME == -1) {
        if (pM->iLenTAG == 0) {
            uchar *pRes;
            rs_size_t bufLen = -1;
            getTAG(pM, &pRes, &bufLen, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED);
        }
        acquireProgramName(pM);
    }

    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) {
        MsgUnlock(pM);
    }
    return (pM->iLenPROGNAME < CONF_PROGNAME_BUFSIZE) ? pM->PROGNAME.szBuf : pM->PROGNAME.ptr;
}


/* check if we have a APPNAME, and, if not, try to acquire/emulate it.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-26
 */
static void ATTR_NONNULL(1) prepareAPPNAME(smsg_t *const pM, const sbool bLockMutex) {
    if (pM->pCSAPPNAME == NULL) {
        if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgLock(pM);

        /* re-query as things might have changed during locking */
        if (pM->pCSAPPNAME == NULL) {
            if (msgGetProtocolVersion(pM) == 0) {
                /* only then it makes sense to emulate */
                MsgSetAPPNAME(pM, (char *)getProgramName(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED));
            }
        }

        if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
    }
}

/* rgerhards, 2005-11-24
 */
char *getAPPNAME(smsg_t *const pM, const sbool bLockMutex) {
    uchar *pszRet;

    assert(pM != NULL);
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgLock(pM);
    prepareAPPNAME(pM, MUTEX_ALREADY_LOCKED);
    if (pM->pCSAPPNAME == NULL)
        pszRet = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
    else
        pszRet = rsCStrGetSzStrNoNULL(pM->pCSAPPNAME);
    if (bLockMutex == LOCK_MUTEX) MsgUnlock(pM);
    return (char *)pszRet;
}

/* rgerhards, 2005-11-24
 */
static int getAPPNAMELen(smsg_t *const pM, const sbool bLockMutex) {
    assert(pM != NULL);
    prepareAPPNAME(pM, bLockMutex);
    return (pM->pCSAPPNAME == NULL) ? 0 : rsCStrLen(pM->pCSAPPNAME);
}

/* rgerhards 2008-09-10: set pszInputName in msg object. This calls AddRef()
 * on the property, because this must be done in all current cases and there
 * is no case expected where this may not be necessary.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-16
 */
void MsgSetInputName(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *inputName) {
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    prop.AddRef(inputName);
    if (pThis->pInputName != NULL) prop.Destruct(&pThis->pInputName);
    pThis->pInputName = inputName;
}

/* Set default TZ. Note that at most 7 chars are set, as we would
 * otherwise overrun our buffer!
 */
void MsgSetDfltTZ(smsg_t *pThis, char *tz) {
    strncpy(pThis->dfltTZ, tz, 7);
    pThis->dfltTZ[7] = '\0'; /* ensure 0-Term in case of overflow! */
}


/* Set the pfrominet socket store, so that we can obtain the peer at some
 * later time. Note that we do not check if pRcvFrom is already set, so this
 * function must only be called during message creation.
 * NOTE: msgFlags is NOT set. While this is somewhat a violation of layers,
 * it is done because it gains us some performance. So the caller must make
 * sure the message flags are properly maintained. For all current callers,
 * this is always the case and without extra effort required.
 * rgerhards, 2009-11-17
 */
rsRetVal msgSetFromSockinfo(smsg_t *pThis, struct sockaddr_storage *sa) {
    DEFiRet;
    assert(pThis->rcvFrom.pRcvFrom == NULL);

    CHKmalloc(pThis->rcvFrom.pfrominet = malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage)));
    memcpy(pThis->rcvFrom.pfrominet, sa, sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

/* rgerhards 2008-09-10: set RcvFrom name in msg object. This calls AddRef()
 * on the property, because this must be done in all current cases and there
 * is no case expected where this may not be necessary.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-30
 */
void MsgSetRcvFrom(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *new) {
    prop.AddRef(new);
    MsgSetRcvFromWithoutAddRef(pThis, new);
}


/* This is used to set the property via a string. This function should not be
 * called if there is a reliable way for a caller to make sure that the
 * same name can be used across multiple messages. However, if it can not
 * ensure that, calling this function is the second best thing, because it
 * will re-use the previously created property if it contained the same
 * name (but it works only for the immediate previous).
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-31
 */
void MsgSetRcvFromStr(smsg_t *const pThis, const uchar *psz, const int len, prop_t **ppProp) {
    assert(pThis != NULL);
    assert(ppProp != NULL);

    prop.CreateOrReuseStringProp(ppProp, psz, len);
    MsgSetRcvFrom(pThis, *ppProp);
}


/* set RcvFromIP name in msg object. This calls AddRef()
 * on the property, because this must be done in all current cases and there
 * is no case expected where this may not be necessary.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-30
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetRcvFromIP(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *new) {
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    prop.AddRef(new);
    MsgSetRcvFromIPWithoutAddRef(pThis, new);
    return RS_RET_OK;
}


/* This is used to set the property via a string. This function should not be
 * called if there is a reliable way for a caller to make sure that the
 * same name can be used across multiple messages. However, if it can not
 * ensure that, calling this function is the second best thing, because it
 * will re-use the previously created property if it contained the same
 * name (but it works only for the immediate previous).
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-31
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetRcvFromIPStr(smsg_t *const pThis, const uchar *psz, const int len, prop_t **ppProp) {
    DEFiRet;
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    CHKiRet(prop.CreateOrReuseStringProp(ppProp, psz, len));
    MsgSetRcvFromIP(pThis, *ppProp);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

rsRetVal MsgSetRcvFromPort(smsg_t *pThis, prop_t *new) {
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    prop.AddRef(new);
    MsgSetRcvFromPortWithoutAddRef(pThis, new);
    return RS_RET_OK;
}

rsRetVal MsgSetRcvFromPortStr(smsg_t *const pThis, const uchar *psz, const int len, prop_t **ppProp) {
    DEFiRet;
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    CHKiRet(prop.CreateOrReuseStringProp(ppProp, psz, len));
    MsgSetRcvFromPort(pThis, *ppProp);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* rgerhards 2004-11-09: set HOSTNAME in msg object
 * rgerhards, 2007-06-21:
 * Does not return anything. If an error occurs, the hostname is
 * simply not set. I have changed this behaviour. The only problem
 * we can run into is memory shortage. If we have such, it is better
 * to loose the hostname than the full message. So we silently ignore
 * that problem and hope that memory will be available the next time
 * we need it. The rest of the code already knows how to handle an
 * unset HOSTNAME.
 */
void MsgSetHOSTNAME(smsg_t *pThis, const uchar *pszHOSTNAME, const int lenHOSTNAME) {
    assert(pThis != NULL);

    freeHOSTNAME(pThis);

    pThis->iLenHOSTNAME = lenHOSTNAME;
    if (pThis->iLenHOSTNAME < CONF_HOSTNAME_BUFSIZE) {
        /* small enough: use fixed buffer (faster!) */
        pThis->pszHOSTNAME = pThis->szHOSTNAME;
    } else if ((pThis->pszHOSTNAME = (uchar *)malloc(pThis->iLenHOSTNAME + 1)) == NULL) {
        /* truncate message, better than completely loosing it... */
        pThis->pszHOSTNAME = pThis->szHOSTNAME;
        pThis->iLenHOSTNAME = CONF_HOSTNAME_BUFSIZE - 1;
    }

    memcpy(pThis->pszHOSTNAME, pszHOSTNAME, pThis->iLenHOSTNAME);
    pThis->pszHOSTNAME[pThis->iLenHOSTNAME] = '\0'; /* this also works with truncation! */
}


/* set the offset of the MSG part into the raw msg buffer
 * Note that the offset may be higher than the length of the raw message
 * (exactly by one). This can happen if we have a message that does not
 * contain any MSG part.
 */
void MsgSetMSGoffs(smsg_t *const pMsg, int offs) {
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pMsg, msg);
    pMsg->offMSG = offs;
    if (offs > pMsg->iLenRawMsg) {
        assert((int)offs - 1 == pMsg->iLenRawMsg);
        pMsg->iLenMSG = 0;
    } else {
        pMsg->iLenMSG = pMsg->iLenRawMsg - offs;
    }
}


/* replace the MSG part of a message. The update actually takes place inside
 * rawmsg.
 * There are two cases: either the new message will be larger than the new msg
 * or it will be less than or equal. If it is less than or equal, we can utilize
 * the previous message buffer. If it is larger, we can utilize the smsg_t-included
 * message buffer if it fits in there. If this is not the case, we need to alloc
 * a new, larger, chunk and copy over the data to it. Note that this function is
 * (hopefully) relatively seldom being called, so some performance impact is
 * uncritical. In any case, pszMSG is copied, so if it was dynamically allocated,
 * the caller is responsible for freeing it.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-23
 */
rsRetVal MsgReplaceMSG(smsg_t *pThis, const uchar *pszMSG, int lenMSG) {
    int lenNew;
    uchar *bufNew;
    DEFiRet;
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pThis, msg);
    assert(pszMSG != NULL);

    lenNew = pThis->iLenRawMsg + lenMSG - pThis->iLenMSG;
    if (lenMSG > pThis->iLenMSG && lenNew >= CONF_RAWMSG_BUFSIZE) {
        /*  we have lost our "bet" and need to alloc a new buffer ;) */
        CHKmalloc(bufNew = malloc(lenNew + 1));
        memcpy(bufNew, pThis->pszRawMsg, pThis->offMSG);
        if (pThis->pszRawMsg != pThis->szRawMsg) free(pThis->pszRawMsg);
        pThis->pszRawMsg = bufNew;
    }

    if (lenMSG > 0) memcpy(pThis->pszRawMsg + pThis->offMSG, pszMSG, lenMSG);
    pThis->pszRawMsg[lenNew] = '\0'; /* this also works with truncation! */
    pThis->iLenRawMsg = lenNew;
    pThis->iLenMSG = lenMSG;

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

/* truncate the (raw) message to configured max size.
 * The function makes sure that the stored rawmsg remains
 * properly terminated by '\0'.
 */
void ATTR_NONNULL() MsgTruncateToMaxSize(smsg_t *const pThis) {
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pThis, msg);
    const int maxMsgSize = glblGetMaxLine(runConf);
    assert(pThis->iLenRawMsg > maxMsgSize);

    const int deltaSize = pThis->iLenRawMsg - maxMsgSize;
    pThis->pszRawMsg[maxMsgSize] = '\0';
    pThis->iLenRawMsg = maxMsgSize;
    if (pThis->iLenMSG < deltaSize) {
        pThis->iLenMSG = 0;
    } else {
        pThis->iLenMSG -= deltaSize;
    }
}

/* set raw message in message object. Size of message is provided.
 * The function makes sure that the stored rawmsg is properly
 * terminated by '\0'. When a message is replaced, we try to keep
 * the existing MSG offset valid so that modules modifying only the
 * raw text do not need to recompute it.
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-16
 */
void ATTR_NONNULL() MsgSetRawMsg(smsg_t *const pThis, const char *const pszRawMsg, const size_t lenMsg) {
    ISOBJ_TYPE_assert(pThis, msg);
    int deltaSize;
    if (pThis->pszRawMsg != pThis->szRawMsg) free(pThis->pszRawMsg);

    deltaSize = (int)lenMsg - pThis->iLenRawMsg; /* value < 0 in truncation case! */
    pThis->iLenRawMsg = lenMsg;
    if (pThis->iLenRawMsg < CONF_RAWMSG_BUFSIZE) {
        /* small enough: use fixed buffer (faster!) */
        pThis->pszRawMsg = pThis->szRawMsg;
    } else if ((pThis->pszRawMsg = (uchar *)malloc(pThis->iLenRawMsg + 1)) == NULL) {
        /* truncate message, better than completely loosing it... */
        pThis->pszRawMsg = pThis->szRawMsg;
        pThis->iLenRawMsg = CONF_RAWMSG_BUFSIZE - 1;
    }

    memcpy(pThis->pszRawMsg, pszRawMsg, pThis->iLenRawMsg);
    pThis->pszRawMsg[pThis->iLenRawMsg] = '\0'; /* this also works with truncation! */
    /*
     * Update cached MSG length. When offMSG already points into the
     * message (e.g. after initial parsing) adjusting iLenMSG avoids the
     * need for a costly re-parse in modules like mmexternal which may
     * replace the raw message text.
     */
    if (pThis->iLenRawMsg > pThis->offMSG)
        pThis->iLenMSG += deltaSize;
    else
        pThis->iLenMSG = 0;
}


/* set raw message in message object. Size of message is not provided. This
 * function should only be used when it is unavoidable (and over time we should
 * try to remove it altogether).
 * rgerhards, 2009-06-16
 */
void MsgSetRawMsgWOSize(smsg_t *const pMsg, char *pszRawMsg) {
    MsgSetRawMsg(pMsg, pszRawMsg, strlen(pszRawMsg));
}


/* create textual representation of facility and severity.
 * The variable pRes must point to a user-supplied buffer of
 * at least 20 characters.
 */
static uchar *textpri(const smsg_t *const __restrict__ pMsg) {
    int lenfac = len_syslog_fac_names[pMsg->iFacility];
    int lensev = len_syslog_severity_names[pMsg->iSeverity];
    int totlen = lenfac + 1 + lensev + 1;
    char *pRes = malloc(totlen);
    if (pRes != NULL) {
        memcpy(pRes, syslog_fac_names[pMsg->iFacility], lenfac);
        pRes[lenfac] = '.';
        memcpy(pRes + lenfac + 1, syslog_severity_names[pMsg->iSeverity], lensev + 1 /* for \0! */);
    }
    return (uchar *)pRes;
}


/* This function returns the current date in different
 * variants. It is used to construct the $NOW series of
 * system properties. The returned buffer must be freed
 * by the caller when no longer needed. If the function
 * can not allocate memory, it returns a NULL pointer.
 * Added 2007-07-10 rgerhards
 */
typedef enum ENOWType {
    NOW_NOW,
    NOW_YEAR,
    NOW_MONTH,
    NOW_DAY,
    NOW_HOUR,
    NOW_HHOUR,
    NOW_QHOUR,
    NOW_MINUTE,
    NOW_WDAY
} eNOWType;
#define tmpBUFSIZE 16 /* size of formatting buffer */
static uchar *getNOW(eNOWType eNow, struct syslogTime *t, const int inUTC) {
    uchar *pBuf;
    struct syslogTime tt;

    if ((pBuf = (uchar *)malloc(tmpBUFSIZE)) == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (t == NULL) { /* can happen if called via script engine */
        datetime.getCurrTime(&tt, NULL, inUTC);
        t = &tt;
    }

    if (t->year == 0 || t->inUTC != inUTC) { /* not yet set! */
        datetime.getCurrTime(t, NULL, inUTC);
    }

    switch (eNow) {
        case NOW_NOW:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[t->year / 100], 2);
            memcpy(pBuf + 2, two_digits[t->year % 100], 2);
            pBuf[4] = '-';
            memcpy(pBuf + 5, two_digits[(int)t->month], 2);
            pBuf[7] = '-';
            memcpy(pBuf + 8, two_digits[(int)t->day], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_YEAR:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[t->year / 100], 2);
            memcpy(pBuf + 2, two_digits[t->year % 100], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_MONTH:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[(int)t->month], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_DAY:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[(int)t->day], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_HOUR:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[(int)t->hour], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_HHOUR:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[t->minute / 30], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_QHOUR:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[t->minute / 15], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_MINUTE:
            memcpy(pBuf, two_digits[(int)t->minute], 3);
            break;
        case NOW_WDAY:
            memcpy(pBuf, one_digit[(int)t->wday], 2);
            break;
        default:
            // We need to satisfy compiler which does not properly handle enum
            break;
    }

    return (pBuf);
}
#undef tmpBUFSIZE /* clean up */


/* helper function to obtain correct JSON root and mutex depending on
 * property type (essentially based on the property id. If a non-json
 * property id is given the function errors out.
 * Note well: jroot points to a pointer to a (ptr to a) json object.
 * This is necessary because the caller needs a pointer to where the
 * json object pointer is stored, that in turn is necessary because
 * while the address of the actual pointer stays stable, the actual
 * content is volatile until the caller has locked the variable tree,
 * which we DO NOT do to keep calling semantics simple.
 */
static rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL() getJSONRootAndMutex(smsg_t *const pMsg,
                                                   const propid_t id,
                                                   struct json_object ***const jroot,
                                                   pthread_mutex_t **const mut) {
    DEFiRet;
    assert(jroot != NULL); /* asserts also help static analyzer! */
    assert(mut != NULL);
    assert(*mut == NULL); /* caller shall have initialized this one! */
    assert(id == PROP_CEE || id == PROP_LOCAL_VAR || id == PROP_GLOBAL_VAR);

    if (id == PROP_CEE) {
        *mut = &pMsg->mut;
        *jroot = &pMsg->json;
    } else if (id == PROP_LOCAL_VAR) {
        *mut = &pMsg->mut;
        *jroot = &pMsg->localvars;
    } else if (id == PROP_GLOBAL_VAR) {
        *mut = &glblVars_lock;
        *jroot = &global_var_root;
    } else {
        LogError(0, RS_RET_NON_JSON_PROP,
                 "internal error:  "
                 "getJSONRootAndMutex; invalid property id %d",
                 id);
        iRet = RS_RET_NON_JSON_PROP;
    }

    RETiRet;
}

/* basically same function, but does not use property id, but the the
 * variable name type indicator (char after starting $, e.g. $!myvar --> CEE)
 */
static rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL() getJSONRootAndMutexByVarChar(smsg_t *const pMsg,
                                                            const char c,
                                                            struct json_object ***const jroot,
                                                            pthread_mutex_t **const mut) {
    DEFiRet;
    propid_t id;
    assert(c == '!' || c == '.' || c == '/');

    switch (c) {
        case '!':
            id = PROP_CEE;
            break;
        case '.':
            id = PROP_LOCAL_VAR;
            break;
        case '/':
            id = PROP_GLOBAL_VAR;
            break;
        default:
            LogError(0, RS_RET_NON_JSON_PROP,
                     "internal error:  "
                     "getJSONRootAndMutex; invalid indicator char %c(%2.2x)",
                     c, c);
            ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_NON_JSON_PROP);
            break;
    }
    iRet = getJSONRootAndMutex(pMsg, id, jroot, mut);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Get a JSON-Property as string value  (used for various types of JSON-based vars) */
rsRetVal getJSONPropVal(
    smsg_t *const pMsg, msgPropDescr_t *pProp, uchar **pRes, rs_size_t *buflen, unsigned short *pbMustBeFreed) {
    uchar *leaf;
    struct json_object **jroot;
    struct json_object *parent;
    struct json_object *field;
    pthread_mutex_t *mut = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    *pRes = NULL;
    CHKiRet(getJSONRootAndMutex(pMsg, pProp->id, &jroot, &mut));
    pthread_mutex_lock(mut);

    if (*jroot == NULL) FINALIZE;

    if (!strcmp((char *)pProp->name, "!")) {
        field = *jroot;
    } else {
        leaf = jsonPathGetLeaf(pProp->name, pProp->nameLen);
        CHKiRet(jsonPathFindParent(*jroot, pProp->name, leaf, &parent, 0));
        if (jsonVarExtract(parent, (char *)leaf, &field) == FALSE) field = NULL;
    }
    if (field != NULL) {
        *pRes = (uchar *)strdup(jsonToString(field));
        *buflen = (int)ustrlen(*pRes);
        *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
    }

finalize_it:
    if (mut != NULL) pthread_mutex_unlock(mut);
    if (*pRes == NULL) {
        /* could not find any value, so set it to empty */
        *pRes = (unsigned char *)"";
        *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
    }
    RETiRet;
}


/* Get a JSON-based-variable as native json object, except
 * when it is string type, in which case a string is returned.
 * This is an optimization to not use JSON when not strictly
 * necessary. This in turn is helpful, as calling json-c is
 * *very* expensive due to our need for locking and deep
 * copies.
 * The caller needs to check pjson and pcstr: one of them
 * is non-NULL and contains the return value. Note that
 * the caller is responsible for freeing the string pointer
 * it if is being returned.
 */
rsRetVal msgGetJSONPropJSONorString(smsg_t *const pMsg,
                                    msgPropDescr_t *pProp,
                                    struct json_object **pjson,
                                    uchar **pcstr) {
    struct json_object **jroot;
    uchar *leaf;
    struct json_object *parent;
    pthread_mutex_t *mut = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    *pjson = NULL, *pcstr = NULL;

    CHKiRet(getJSONRootAndMutex(pMsg, pProp->id, &jroot, &mut));
    pthread_mutex_lock(mut);
    if (!strcmp((char *)pProp->name, "!")) {
        *pjson = *jroot;
        FINALIZE;
    }
    if (*jroot == NULL) {
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_NOT_FOUND);
    }
    leaf = jsonPathGetLeaf(pProp->name, pProp->nameLen);
    CHKiRet(jsonPathFindParent(*jroot, pProp->name, leaf, &parent, 0));
    if (jsonVarExtract(parent, (char *)leaf, pjson) == FALSE) {
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_NOT_FOUND);
    }
    if (*pjson == NULL) {
        /* we had a NULL json object and represent this as empty string */
        *pcstr = (uchar *)strdup("");
    } else {
        if (json_object_get_type(*pjson) == json_type_string) {
            *pcstr = (uchar *)strdup(jsonToString(*pjson));
            *pjson = NULL;
        }
    }

finalize_it:
    /* we need a deep copy, as another thread may modify the object */
    if (*pjson != NULL) *pjson = jsonDeepCopy(*pjson);
    if (mut != NULL) pthread_mutex_unlock(mut);
    RETiRet;
}


/* Get a JSON-based-variable as native json object */
rsRetVal msgGetJSONPropJSON(smsg_t *const pMsg, msgPropDescr_t *pProp, struct json_object **pjson) {
    struct json_object **jroot;
    uchar *leaf;
    struct json_object *parent;
    pthread_mutex_t *mut = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    *pjson = NULL;

    CHKiRet(getJSONRootAndMutex(pMsg, pProp->id, &jroot, &mut));
    pthread_mutex_lock(mut);

    if (!strcmp((char *)pProp->name, "!")) {
        *pjson = *jroot;
        FINALIZE;
    }
    leaf = jsonPathGetLeaf(pProp->name, pProp->nameLen);
    CHKiRet(jsonPathFindParent(*jroot, pProp->name, leaf, &parent, 0));
    if (jsonVarExtract(parent, (char *)leaf, pjson) == FALSE) {
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_NOT_FOUND);
    }

finalize_it:
    /* we need a deep copy, as another thread may modify the object */
    if (*pjson != NULL) *pjson = jsonDeepCopy(*pjson);
    if (mut != NULL) pthread_mutex_unlock(mut);
    RETiRet;
}


/* Helper for jsonAddVal(), to be called onces we know there are actually
 * json escapes inside the string. If so, this function takes over.
 * Splitting the functions permits us to make some performance optimizations.
 * For further details, see jsonAddVal().
 */
static rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL(1, 4) jsonAddVal_escaped(uchar *const pSrc,
                                                      const unsigned buflen,
                                                      const unsigned len_none_escaped_head,
                                                      es_str_t **dst,
                                                      const int escapeAll) {
    unsigned char c;
    es_size_t i;
    char numbuf[4];
    unsigned ni;
    unsigned char nc;
    int j;
    uchar wrkbuf[100000];
    size_t dst_realloc_size;
    size_t dst_size;
    uchar *dst_base;
    uchar *dst_w;
    uchar *newbuf;
    DEFiRet;

    assert(len_none_escaped_head <= buflen);
    /* first copy over unescaped head string */
    if (len_none_escaped_head + 10 > sizeof(wrkbuf)) {
        dst_size = 2 * len_none_escaped_head;
        CHKmalloc(dst_base = malloc(dst_size));
    } else {
        dst_size = sizeof(wrkbuf);
        dst_base = wrkbuf;
    }
    dst_realloc_size = dst_size - 10; /* some buffer for escaping */
    dst_w = dst_base;
    memcpy(dst_w, pSrc, len_none_escaped_head);
    dst_w += len_none_escaped_head;

    /* now do the escaping */
    for (i = len_none_escaped_head; i < buflen; ++i) {
        const size_t dst_offset = dst_w - dst_base;
        if (dst_offset >= dst_realloc_size) {
            const size_t new_size = 2 * dst_size;
            if (dst_base == wrkbuf) {
                CHKmalloc(newbuf = malloc(new_size));
                memcpy(newbuf, dst_base, dst_offset);
            } else {
                CHKmalloc(newbuf = realloc(dst_base, new_size));
            }
            dst_size = new_size;
            dst_realloc_size = new_size - 10; /* some buffer for escaping */
            dst_base = newbuf;
            dst_w = dst_base + dst_offset;
        }
        c = pSrc[i];
        if ((c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x5b) || (c >= 0x23 && c <= 0x2e) || (c >= 0x5d /* && c <= 0x10FFFF*/) || c == 0x20 ||
            c == 0x21) {
            /* no need to escape */
            *dst_w++ = c;
        } else {
            /* we must escape, try RFC4627-defined special sequences first */
            switch (c) {
                case '\0':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 'u';
                    *dst_w++ = '0';
                    *dst_w++ = '0';
                    *dst_w++ = '0';
                    *dst_w++ = '0';
                    break;
                case '\"':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = '"';
                    break;
                case '/':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = '/';
                    break;
                case '\\':
                    if (escapeAll == RSFALSE) {
                        ni = i + 1;
                        if (ni <= buflen) {
                            nc = pSrc[ni];

                            /* Attempt to not double encode */
                            if (nc == '"' || nc == '/' || nc == '\\' || nc == 'b' || nc == 'f' || nc == 'n' ||
                                nc == 'r' || nc == 't' || nc == 'u') {
                                *dst_w++ = c;
                                *dst_w++ = nc;
                                i = ni;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    break;
                case '\010':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 'b';
                    break;
                case '\014':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 'f';
                    break;
                case '\n':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 'n';
                    break;
                case '\r':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 'r';
                    break;
                case '\t':
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 't';
                    break;
                default:
                    /* TODO : proper Unicode encoding (see header comment) */
                    for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                        numbuf[3 - j] = hexdigit[c % 16];
                        c = c / 16;
                    }
                    *dst_w++ = '\\';
                    *dst_w++ = 'u';
                    *dst_w++ = numbuf[0];
                    *dst_w++ = numbuf[1];
                    *dst_w++ = numbuf[2];
                    *dst_w++ = numbuf[3];
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    if (*dst == NULL) {
        *dst = es_newStrFromBuf((char *)dst_base, dst_w - dst_base);
    } else {
        es_addBuf(dst, (const char *)dst_base, dst_w - dst_base);
    }
finalize_it:
    if (dst_base != wrkbuf) {
        free(dst_base);
    }
    RETiRet;
}


/* Encode a JSON value and add it to provided string. Note that
 * the string object may be NULL. In this case, it is created
 * if and only if escaping is needed. if escapeAll is false, previously
 * escaped strings are left as is
 */
static rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL(1, 3)
    jsonAddVal(uchar *const pSrc, const unsigned buflen, es_str_t **dst, const int escapeAll) {
    es_size_t i;
    DEFiRet;

    for (i = 0; i < buflen; ++i) {
        const uchar c = pSrc[i];
        if (!((c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x5b) || (c >= 0x23 && c <= 0x2e) || (c >= 0x5d /* && c <= 0x10FFFF*/) || c == 0x20 ||
              c == 0x21)) {
            iRet = jsonAddVal_escaped(pSrc, buflen, i, dst, escapeAll);
            FINALIZE;
        }
    }
    if (*dst != NULL) {
        es_addBuf(dst, (const char *)pSrc, buflen);
    }
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* encode a property in JSON escaped format. This is a helper
 * to MsgGetProp. It needs to update all provided parameters.
 * For performance reasons, we begin to copy the string only
 * when we recognice that we actually need to do some escaping.
 * rgerhards, 2012-03-16
 */
static rsRetVal jsonEncode(uchar **ppRes, unsigned short *pbMustBeFreed, int *pBufLen, int escapeAll) {
    unsigned buflen;
    uchar *pSrc;
    es_str_t *dst = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    pSrc = *ppRes;
    buflen = (*pBufLen == -1) ? (int)ustrlen(pSrc) : *pBufLen;
    CHKiRet(jsonAddVal(pSrc, buflen, &dst, escapeAll));

    if (dst != NULL) {
        /* we updated the string and need to replace the
         * previous data.
         */
        if (*pbMustBeFreed) free(*ppRes);
        CHKmalloc(*ppRes = (uchar *)es_str2cstr(dst, NULL));
        *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
        *pBufLen = -1;
        es_deleteStr(dst);
    }

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Format a property as JSON field, that means
 * "name"="value"
 * where value is JSON-escaped (here we assume that the name
 * only contains characters from the valid character set).
 * Note: this function duplicates code from jsonEncode().
 * TODO: these two functions should be combined, at least if
 * that makes any sense from a performance PoV - definitely
 * something to consider at a later stage. rgerhards, 2012-04-19
 */
static rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL() jsonField(const struct templateEntry *const pTpe,
                                         uchar **const ppRes,
                                         unsigned short *const pbMustBeFreed,
                                         int *const pBufLen,
                                         int escapeAll) {
    unsigned buflen;
    uchar *pSrc;
    es_str_t *dst = NULL;
    int is_numeric = 1;
    DEFiRet;

    pSrc = *ppRes;
    buflen = (*pBufLen == -1) ? (int)ustrlen(pSrc) : *pBufLen;
    dbgprintf("jsonEncode: datatype: %u, onEmpty: %u val %*s\n", (unsigned)pTpe->data.field.options.dataType,
              (unsigned)pTpe->data.field.options.onEmpty, buflen, pSrc);
    if (buflen == 0) {
        if (pTpe->data.field.options.onEmpty == TPE_DATAEMPTY_SKIP) {
            FINALIZE;
        }
        is_numeric = 0;
    } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.dataType == TPE_DATATYPE_NUMBER) {
        /* trim whitespace for numeric checks */
        while (buflen > 0 && isspace((int)*pSrc)) {
            ++pSrc;
            --buflen;
        }
        while (buflen > 0 && isspace((int)pSrc[buflen - 1])) --buflen;

        if (pTpe->data.field.options.bOmitIfZero && buflen == 1 && pSrc[0] == '0') {
            *pBufLen = 0;
            FINALIZE;
        }
    }
    /* we hope we have only few escapes... */
    dst = es_newStr(buflen + pTpe->lenFieldName + 15);
    es_addChar(&dst, '"');
    es_addBuf(&dst, (char *)pTpe->fieldName, pTpe->lenFieldName);
    es_addBufConstcstr(&dst, "\":");
    if (buflen == 0 && pTpe->data.field.options.onEmpty == TPE_DATAEMPTY_NULL) {
        es_addBufConstcstr(&dst, "null");
    } else {
        if (pTpe->data.field.options.dataType == TPE_DATATYPE_AUTO) {
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < buflen; ++i) {
                if (pSrc[i] < '0' || pSrc[i] > '9') {
                    is_numeric = 0;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!is_numeric) {
                es_addChar(&dst, '"');
            }
            CHKiRet(jsonAddVal(pSrc, buflen, &dst, escapeAll));
            if (!is_numeric) {
                es_addChar(&dst, '"');
            }
        } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.dataType == TPE_DATATYPE_STRING) {
            es_addChar(&dst, '"');
            CHKiRet(jsonAddVal(pSrc, buflen, &dst, escapeAll));
            es_addChar(&dst, '"');
        } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.dataType == TPE_DATATYPE_NUMBER) {
            if (buflen == 0) {
                es_addChar(&dst, '0');
            } else {
                CHKiRet(jsonAddVal(pSrc, buflen, &dst, escapeAll));
            }
        } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.dataType == TPE_DATATYPE_BOOL) {
            if (buflen == 1 && *pSrc == '0') {
                es_addBufConstcstr(&dst, "false");
            } else {
                es_addBufConstcstr(&dst, "true");
            }
        }
    }

    if (*pbMustBeFreed) free(*ppRes);
    /* we know we do not have \0 chars - so the size does not change */
    *pBufLen = es_strlen(dst);
    CHKmalloc(*ppRes = (uchar *)es_str2cstr(dst, NULL));
    *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
    es_deleteStr(dst);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* This function returns a string-representation of the
 * requested message property. This is a generic function used
 * to abstract properties so that these can be easier
 * queried. Returns NULL if property could not be found.
 * Actually, this function is a big if..elseif. What it does
 * is simply to map property names (from MonitorWare) to the
 * message object data fields.
 *
 * In case we need string forms of propertis we do not
 * yet have in string form, we do a memory allocation that
 * is sufficiently large (in all cases). Once the string
 * form has been obtained, it is saved until the Msg object
 * is finally destroyed. This is so that we save the processing
 * time in the (likely) case that this property is requested
 * again. It also saves us a lot of dynamic memory management
 * issues in the upper layers, because we so can guarantee that
 * the buffer will remain static AND available during the lifetime
 * of the object. Please note that both the max size allocation as
 * well as keeping things in memory might like look like a
 * waste of memory (some might say it actually is...) - we
 * deliberately accept this because performance is more important
 * to us ;)
 * rgerhards 2004-11-18
 * Parameter "bMustBeFreed" is set by this function. It tells the
 * caller whether or not the string returned must be freed by the
 * caller itself. It is is 0, the caller MUST NOT free it. If it is
 * 1, the caller MUST free it. Handling this wrongly leads to either
 * a memory leak of a program abort (do to double-frees or frees on
 * the constant memory pool). So be careful to do it right.
 * rgerhards 2004-11-23
 * regular expression support contributed by Andres Riancho merged
 * on 2005-09-13
 * changed so that it now an be called without a template entry (NULL).
 * In this case, only the (unmodified) property is returned. This will
 * be used in selector line processing.
 * rgerhards 2005-09-15
 */
/* a quick helper to save some writing: */
#define RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY                             \
    {                                                 \
        *pbMustBeFreed = 0;                           \
        *pPropLen = sizeof("**OUT OF MEMORY**") - 1;  \
        return (UCHAR_CONSTANT("**OUT OF MEMORY**")); \
    }

/**
 * \brief Helper function to generate a string property from a source buffer.
 *
 * This function allocates a new buffer, copies the content from the source,
 * null-terminates it, and manages the memory of the previous result string.
 *
 * \param[in,out] ppRes        Pointer to the result string pointer. The old string is freed if *pbMustBeFreed is set.
 *                             The new string is assigned to *ppRes.
 * \param[in,out] pbMustBeFreed Pointer to the boolean flag indicating if *ppRes must be freed.
 *                              Updated to 1 (true) upon successful allocation.
 * \param[out]    pBufLen      Pointer to store the length of the new string.
 * \param[in]     pSrc         Pointer to the source buffer to copy from.
 * \param[in]     len          Length of the data to copy.
 *
 * \return rsRetVal RS_RET_OK on success, RS_RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY on allocation failure.
 */
static rsRetVal msgPropStrGen(
    uchar **ppRes, unsigned short *pbMustBeFreed, rs_size_t *pBufLen, const uchar *pSrc, size_t len) {
    uchar *pBuf = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    CHKmalloc(pBuf = malloc(len + 1));

    memcpy(pBuf, pSrc, len);
    pBuf[len] = '\0';

    if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(*ppRes);
    *ppRes = pBuf;
    *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
    *pBufLen = (rs_size_t)len;

finalize_it:
    if (iRet != RS_RET_OK) {
        free(pBuf);
    }
    RETiRet;
}

uchar *MsgGetProp(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg,
                  struct templateEntry *__restrict__ const pTpe,
                  msgPropDescr_t *pProp,
                  rs_size_t *__restrict__ const pPropLen,
                  unsigned short *__restrict__ const pbMustBeFreed,
                  struct syslogTime *const ttNow) {
    uchar *pRes; /* result pointer */
    rs_size_t bufLen = -1; /* length of string or -1, if not known */
    uchar *pBufStart;
    uchar *pBuf;
    int iLen;
    short iOffs;
    enum tplFormatTypes datefmt;
    int bDateInUTC;

    assert(pMsg != NULL);
    assert(pbMustBeFreed != NULL);

#ifdef FEATURE_REGEXP
    /* Variables necessary for regular expression matching */
    size_t nmatch = 10;
    regmatch_t pmatch[10];
#endif

    *pbMustBeFreed = 0;

    switch (pProp->id) {
        case PROP_MSG:
            pRes = getMSG(pMsg);
            bufLen = getMSGLen(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_TIMESTAMP:
            if (pTpe != NULL) {
                datefmt = pTpe->data.field.eDateFormat;
                bDateInUTC = pTpe->data.field.options.bDateInUTC;
            } else {
                datefmt = tplFmtDefault;
                bDateInUTC = 0;
            }
            if (bDateInUTC) {
                pRes = (uchar *)getTimeUTC(&pMsg->tTIMESTAMP, datefmt, pbMustBeFreed);
            } else {
                pRes = (uchar *)getTimeReported(pMsg, datefmt);
            }
            break;
        case PROP_HOSTNAME:
            pRes = (uchar *)getHOSTNAME(pMsg);
            bufLen = getHOSTNAMELen(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_SYSLOGTAG:
            getTAG(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen, LOCK_MUTEX);
            break;
        case PROP_RAWMSG:
            getRawMsg(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
            break;
        case PROP_RAWMSG_AFTER_PRI:
            getRawMsgAfterPRI(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
            break;
        case PROP_INPUTNAME:
            getInputName(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
            break;
        case PROP_FROMHOST:
            pRes = getRcvFrom(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_FROMHOST_IP:
            pRes = getRcvFromIP(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_FROMHOST_PORT:
            pRes = getRcvFromPort(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_PRI:
            pRes = (uchar *)getPRI(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_PRI_TEXT:
            pRes = textpri(pMsg);
            if (pRes == NULL) RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            break;
        case PROP_IUT:
            pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("1"); /* always 1 for syslog messages (a MonitorWare thing;)) */
            bufLen = 1;
            break;
        case PROP_SYSLOGFACILITY:
            pRes = (uchar *)getFacility(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_SYSLOGFACILITY_TEXT:
            pRes = (uchar *)getFacilityStr(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_SYSLOGSEVERITY:
            pRes = (uchar *)getSeverity(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_SYSLOGSEVERITY_TEXT:
            pRes = (uchar *)getSeverityStr(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_TIMEGENERATED:
            if (pTpe != NULL) {
                datefmt = pTpe->data.field.eDateFormat;
                bDateInUTC = pTpe->data.field.options.bDateInUTC;
            } else {
                datefmt = tplFmtDefault;
                bDateInUTC = 0;
            }
            if (bDateInUTC) {
                pRes = (uchar *)getTimeUTC(&pMsg->tRcvdAt, datefmt, pbMustBeFreed);
            } else {
                pRes = (uchar *)getTimeGenerated(pMsg, datefmt);
            }
            break;
        case PROP_PROGRAMNAME:
            pRes = getProgramName(pMsg, LOCK_MUTEX);
            break;
        case PROP_PROTOCOL_VERSION:
            pRes = (uchar *)getProtocolVersionString(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_STRUCTURED_DATA:
            MsgGetStructuredData(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
            break;
        case PROP_APP_NAME:
            pRes = (uchar *)getAPPNAME(pMsg, LOCK_MUTEX);
            break;
        case PROP_PROCID:
            pRes = (uchar *)getPROCID(pMsg, LOCK_MUTEX);
            break;
        case PROP_MSGID:
            pRes = (uchar *)getMSGID(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_JSONMESG:
            pRes = (uchar *)msgGetJSONMESG(pMsg);
            *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            break;
#ifdef USE_LIBUUID
        case PROP_UUID:
            getUUID(pMsg, &pRes, &bufLen);
            break;
#endif
        case PROP_PARSESUCCESS:
            pRes = (uchar *)getParseSuccess(pMsg);
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_NOW:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_NOW, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 10;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_YEAR:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_YEAR, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 4;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_MONTH:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_MONTH, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_DAY:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_DAY, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_HOUR:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_HOUR, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_HHOUR:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_HHOUR, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_QHOUR:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_QHOUR, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_MINUTE:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_MINUTE, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_NOW_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_NOW, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 10;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_YEAR_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_YEAR, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 4;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_MONTH_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_MONTH, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_DAY_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_DAY, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_HOUR_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_HOUR, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_HHOUR_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_HHOUR, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_QHOUR_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_QHOUR, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_MINUTE_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_MINUTE, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 2;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_WDAY:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_WDAY, ttNow, TIME_IN_LOCALTIME)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 1;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_WDAY_UTC:
            if ((pRes = getNOW(NOW_WDAY, ttNow, TIME_IN_UTC)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = 1;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_NOW_UXTIMESTAMP:
            if ((pRes = malloc(16)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            } else {
                snprintf((char *)pRes, 16 - 1, "%lld", (long long)getTime(NULL));
                pRes[16 - 1] = '\0';
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                bufLen = -1;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_MYHOSTNAME:
            pRes = glbl.GetLocalHostName();
            break;
        case PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON:
        case PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON_PLAIN:
            if (pMsg->json == NULL) {
                pRes = (uchar *)"{}";
                bufLen = 2;
                *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
            } else {
                const char *jstr;
                MsgLock(pMsg);
                int jflag = 0;
                if (pProp->id == PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON) {
                    jflag = JSON_C_TO_STRING_SPACED;
                } else if (pProp->id == PROP_CEE_ALL_JSON_PLAIN) {
                    jflag = JSON_C_TO_STRING_PLAIN;
                }
                jstr = json_object_to_json_string_ext(pMsg->json, jflag);
                MsgUnlock(pMsg);
                if (jstr == NULL) {
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                pRes = (uchar *)strdup(jstr);
                if (pRes == NULL) {
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
            break;
        case PROP_CEE:
        case PROP_LOCAL_VAR:
        case PROP_GLOBAL_VAR:
            getJSONPropVal(pMsg, pProp, &pRes, &bufLen, pbMustBeFreed);
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_BOM:
            pRes = (uchar *)"\xEF\xBB\xBF";
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
            break;
        case PROP_SYS_UPTIME:
#ifndef HAVE_SYSINFO_UPTIME
            /* An alternative on some systems (eg Solaris) is to scan
             * /var/adm/utmpx for last boot time.
             */
            pRes = (uchar *)"UPTIME NOT available on this system";
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;

#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)

        {
            struct timespec tp;

            if ((pRes = (uchar *)malloc(32)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }

            if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_UPTIME, &tp) == -1) {
                free(pRes);
                *pPropLen = sizeof("**SYSCALL FAILED**") - 1;
                return (UCHAR_CONSTANT("**SYSCALL FAILED**"));
            }

            *pbMustBeFreed = 1;

            snprintf((char *)pRes, 32, "%ld", tp.tv_sec);
        }

#else

        {
            struct sysinfo s_info;

            if ((pRes = (uchar *)malloc(32)) == NULL) {
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }

            if (sysinfo(&s_info) < 0) {
                free(pRes);
                *pPropLen = sizeof("**SYSCALL FAILED**") - 1;
                return (UCHAR_CONSTANT("**SYSCALL FAILED**"));
            }

            *pbMustBeFreed = 1;

            snprintf((char *)pRes, 32, "%ld", s_info.uptime);
        }
#endif
            break;
        default:
            /* there is no point in continuing, we may even otherwise render the
             * error message unreadable. rgerhards, 2007-07-10
             */
            dbgprintf("invalid property id: '%d'\n", pProp->id);
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
            *pPropLen = sizeof("**INVALID PROPERTY NAME**") - 1;
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("**INVALID PROPERTY NAME**");
    }

    /* If we did not receive a template pointer, we are already done... */
    if (pTpe == NULL || !pTpe->bComplexProcessing) {
        *pPropLen = (bufLen == -1) ? (int)ustrlen(pRes) : bufLen;
        return pRes;
    }

    /* Now check if we need to make "temporary" transformations (these
     * are transformations that do not go back into the message -
     * memory must be allocated for them!).
     */

    /* substring extraction */
    /* first we check if we need to extract by field number
     * rgerhards, 2005-12-22
     */
    if (pTpe->data.field.has_fields == 1) {
        size_t iCurrFld;
        uchar *pFld;
        uchar *pFldEnd;
        /* first, skip to the field in question. The field separator
         * is always one character and is stored in the template entry.
         */
        iCurrFld = 1;
        pFld = pRes;
        while (*pFld && iCurrFld < pTpe->data.field.iFieldNr) {
            /* skip fields until the requested field or end of string is found */
            while (*pFld && (uchar)*pFld != pTpe->data.field.field_delim) ++pFld; /* skip to field terminator */
            if (*pFld == pTpe->data.field.field_delim) {
                ++pFld; /* eat it */
#ifdef STRICT_GPLV3
                if (pTpe->data.field.field_expand != 0) {
                    while (*pFld == pTpe->data.field.field_delim) {
                        ++pFld;
                    }
                }
#endif
                ++iCurrFld;
            }
        }
        dbgprintf("field requested %d, field found %d\n", pTpe->data.field.iFieldNr, (int)iCurrFld);

        if (iCurrFld == pTpe->data.field.iFieldNr) {
            /* field found, now extract it */
            /* first of all, we need to find the end */
            pFldEnd = pFld;
            while (*pFldEnd && *pFldEnd != pTpe->data.field.field_delim) ++pFldEnd;
            --pFldEnd; /* we are already at the delimiter - so we need to
                        * step back a little not to copy it as part of the field. */
            /* we got our end pointer, now do the copy */
            /* TODO: code copied from below, this is a candidate for a separate function */
            iLen = pFldEnd - pFld + 1; /* the +1 is for an actual char, NOT \0! */
            if (msgPropStrGen(&pRes, pbMustBeFreed, &bufLen, pFld, iLen) != RS_RET_OK) {
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                    free(pRes);
                    *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
                }
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }
        } else {
            /* field not found, return error */
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
            *pPropLen = sizeof("**FIELD NOT FOUND**") - 1;
            return UCHAR_CONSTANT("**FIELD NOT FOUND**");
        }
#ifdef FEATURE_REGEXP
    } else {
        /* Check for regular expressions */
        if (pTpe->data.field.has_regex != 0) {
            if (pTpe->data.field.has_regex == 2) {
                /* Could not compile regex before! */
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                    free(pRes);
                    *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
                }
                *pPropLen = sizeof("**NO MATCH** **BAD REGULAR EXPRESSION**") - 1;
                return UCHAR_CONSTANT("**NO MATCH** **BAD REGULAR EXPRESSION**");
            }

            dbgprintf("string to match for regex is: %s\n", pRes);

            if (objUse(regexp, LM_REGEXP_FILENAME) == RS_RET_OK) {
                short iTry = 0;
                uchar bFound = 0;
                iOffs = 0;
                /* first see if we find a match, iterating through the series of
                 * potential matches over the string.
                 */
                while (!bFound) {
                    int iREstat;
                    iREstat = regexp.regexec(&pTpe->data.field.re, (char *)(pRes + iOffs), nmatch, pmatch, 0);
                    dbgprintf("regexec return is %d\n", iREstat);
                    if (iREstat == 0) {
                        if (pmatch[0].rm_so == -1) {
                            dbgprintf(
                                "oops ... start offset of successful "
                                "regexec is -1\n");
                            break;
                        }
                        if (iTry == pTpe->data.field.iMatchToUse) {
                            bFound = 1;
                        } else {
                            dbgprintf(
                                "regex found at offset %d, new offset %d, "
                                "tries %d\n",
                                iOffs, (int)(iOffs + pmatch[0].rm_eo), iTry);
                            iOffs += pmatch[0].rm_eo;
                            ++iTry;
                        }
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                dbgprintf("regex: end search, found %d\n", bFound);
                if (!bFound) {
                    /* we got no match! */
                    if (pTpe->data.field.nomatchAction != TPL_REGEX_NOMATCH_USE_WHOLE_FIELD) {
                        if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                            free(pRes);
                            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
                        }
                        if (pTpe->data.field.nomatchAction == TPL_REGEX_NOMATCH_USE_DFLTSTR) {
                            bufLen = sizeof("**NO MATCH**") - 1;
                            pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("**NO MATCH**");
                        } else if (pTpe->data.field.nomatchAction == TPL_REGEX_NOMATCH_USE_ZERO) {
                            bufLen = 1;
                            pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("0");
                        } else {
                            bufLen = 0;
                            pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    /* Match- but did it match the one we wanted? */
                    /* we got no match! */
                    if (pmatch[pTpe->data.field.iSubMatchToUse].rm_so == -1) {
                        if (pTpe->data.field.nomatchAction != TPL_REGEX_NOMATCH_USE_WHOLE_FIELD) {
                            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                                free(pRes);
                                *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
                            }
                            if (pTpe->data.field.nomatchAction == TPL_REGEX_NOMATCH_USE_DFLTSTR) {
                                bufLen = sizeof("**NO MATCH**") - 1;
                                pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("**NO MATCH**");
                            } else if (pTpe->data.field.nomatchAction == TPL_REGEX_NOMATCH_USE_ZERO) {
                                bufLen = 1;
                                pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("0");
                            } else {
                                bufLen = 0;
                                pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    /* OK, we have a usable match - we now need to malloc pB */
                    int iLenBuf;

                    iLenBuf =
                        pmatch[pTpe->data.field.iSubMatchToUse].rm_eo - pmatch[pTpe->data.field.iSubMatchToUse].rm_so;

                    if (msgPropStrGen(&pRes, pbMustBeFreed, &bufLen,
                                      pRes + iOffs + pmatch[pTpe->data.field.iSubMatchToUse].rm_so,
                                      iLenBuf) != RS_RET_OK) {
                        if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                            free(pRes);
                            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
                        }
                        RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                /* we could not load regular expression support. This is quite unexpected at
                 * this stage of processing (after all, the config parser found it), but so
                 * it is. We return an error in that case. -- rgerhards, 2008-03-07
                 */
                dbgprintf("could not get regexp object pointer, so regexp can not be evaluated\n");
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                    free(pRes);
                    *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
                }
                *pPropLen = sizeof("***REGEXP NOT AVAILABLE***") - 1;
                return UCHAR_CONSTANT("***REGEXP NOT AVAILABLE***");
            }
        }
#endif /* #ifdef FEATURE_REGEXP */
    }

    if (pTpe->data.field.iFromPos != 0 || pTpe->data.field.iToPos != 0) {
        /* we need to obtain a private copy */
        int iFrom, iTo;
        uchar *pSb;
        iFrom = pTpe->data.field.iFromPos;
        iTo = pTpe->data.field.iToPos;
        if (bufLen == -1) bufLen = ustrlen(pRes);
        if (pTpe->data.field.options.bFromPosEndRelative) {
            iFrom = (bufLen < iFrom) ? 0 : bufLen - iFrom;
            iTo = (bufLen < iTo) ? 0 : bufLen - iTo;
        } else {
            /* need to zero-base to and from (they are 1-based!) */
            if (iFrom > 0) --iFrom;
            if (iTo > 0) {
                --iTo;
            } else if (iTo < 0) {
                /* note: we ADD negative value, 0-based (-1)! */
                iTo = bufLen - 1 + iTo;
                if (iTo < 0) {
                    iTo = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        if (iFrom >= bufLen) {
            DBGPRINTF("msgGetProp: iFrom %d >= buflen %d, returning empty string\n", iFrom, bufLen);
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
            pRes = (uchar *)"";
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
            bufLen = 0;
        } else if (iFrom == 0 && iTo >= bufLen && pTpe->data.field.options.bFixedWidth == 0) {
            /* in this case, the requested string is a superset of what we already have,
             * so there is no need to do any processing. This is a frequent case for size-limited
             * fields like TAG in the default forwarding template (so it is a useful optimization
             * to check for this condition ;)). -- rgerhards, 2009-07-09
             */
            ; /*DO NOTHING*/
        } else {
            if (iTo >= bufLen) /* iTo is very large, if no to-position is set in the template! */
                if (pTpe->data.field.options.bFixedWidth == 0) iTo = bufLen - 1;

            iLen = iTo - iFrom + 1; /* the +1 is for an actual char, NOT \0! */
            pBufStart = pBuf = malloc(iLen + 1);
            if (pBuf == NULL) {
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }
            pSb = pRes;
            if (iFrom) {
                /* skip to the start of the substring (can't do pointer arithmetic
                 * because the whole string might be smaller!!)
                 */
                while (*pSb && iFrom) {
                    --iFrom;
                    ++pSb;
                }
            }
            /* OK, we are at the begin - now let's copy... */
            bufLen = iLen;
            while (iLen) {
                if (*pSb) {
                    *pBuf++ = *pSb;
                    ++pSb;
                } else {
                    *pBuf++ = ' ';
                }
                --iLen;
            }
            *pBuf = '\0';
            bufLen -= iLen; /* subtract remaining length if the string was smaller! */
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
            pRes = pBufStart;
            *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
        }
    }

    /* now check if we need to do our "SP if first char is non-space" hack logic */
    if (*pRes && pTpe->data.field.options.bSPIffNo1stSP) {
        /* here, we always destruct the buffer and return a new one */
        uchar cFirst = *pRes; /* save first char */
        if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
        pRes = (cFirst == ' ') ? UCHAR_CONSTANT("") : UCHAR_CONSTANT(" ");
        bufLen = (cFirst == ' ') ? 0 : 1;
        *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
    }

    if (*pRes) {
        /* case conversations (should go after substring, because so we are able to
         * work on the smallest possible buffer).
         */
        if (pTpe->data.field.eCaseConv != tplCaseConvNo) {
            /* we need to obtain a private copy */
            if (bufLen == -1) bufLen = ustrlen(pRes);
            uchar *pBStart;
            uchar *pB;
            uchar *pSrc;
            pBStart = pB = malloc(bufLen + 1);
            if (pB == NULL) {
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }
            pSrc = pRes;
            while (*pSrc) {
                *pB++ = (pTpe->data.field.eCaseConv == tplCaseConvUpper) ? (uchar)toupper((int)*pSrc)
                                                                         : (uchar)tolower((int)*pSrc);
                /* currently only these two exist */
                ++pSrc;
            }
            *pB = '\0';
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
            pRes = pBStart;
            *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
        }

        /* now do control character dropping/escaping/replacement
         * Only one of these can be used. If multiple options are given, the
         * result is random (though currently there obviously is an order of
         * preferrence, see code below. But this is NOT guaranteed.
         * RGerhards, 2006-11-17
         * We must copy the strings if we modify them, because they may either
         * point to static memory or may point into the message object, in which
         * case we would actually modify the original property (which of course
         * is wrong).
         * This was found and fixed by varmojefkoj on 2007-09-11
         */
        if (pTpe->data.field.options.bDropCC) {
            int iLenBuf = 0;
            uchar *pSrc = pRes;
            uchar *pDstStart;
            uchar *pDst;
            uchar bDropped = 0;

            while (*pSrc) {
                if (!iscntrl((int)*pSrc++))
                    iLenBuf++;
                else
                    bDropped = 1;
            }

            if (bDropped) {
                pDst = pDstStart = malloc(iLenBuf + 1);
                if (pDst == NULL) {
                    if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                for (pSrc = pRes; *pSrc; pSrc++) {
                    if (!iscntrl((int)*pSrc)) *pDst++ = *pSrc;
                }
                *pDst = '\0';
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                pRes = pDstStart;
                bufLen = iLenBuf;
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
        } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.bSpaceCC) {
            uchar *pSrc;
            uchar *pDstStart;
            uchar *pDst;

            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                /* in this case, we already work on dynamic
                 * memory, so there is no need to copy it - we can
                 * modify it in-place without any harm. This is a
                 * performance optiomization.
                 */
                for (pDst = pRes; *pDst; pDst++) {
                    if (iscntrl((int)*pDst)) *pDst = ' ';
                }
            } else {
                if (bufLen == -1) bufLen = ustrlen(pRes);
                pDst = pDstStart = malloc(bufLen + 1);
                if (pDst == NULL) {
                    if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                for (pSrc = pRes; *pSrc; pSrc++) {
                    if (iscntrl((int)*pSrc))
                        *pDst++ = ' ';
                    else
                        *pDst++ = *pSrc;
                }
                *pDst = '\0';
                pRes = pDstStart;
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
        } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.bEscapeCC) {
            /* we must first count how many control charactes are
             * present, because we need this to compute the new string
             * buffer length. While doing so, we also compute the string
             * length.
             */
            int iNumCC = 0;
            int iLenBuf = 0;
            uchar *pSrc;
            uchar *pB;

            for (pB = pRes; *pB; ++pB) {
                ++iLenBuf;
                if (iscntrl((int)*pB)) ++iNumCC;
            }

            if (iNumCC > 0) { /* if 0, there is nothing to escape, so we are done */
                /* OK, let's do the escaping... */
                uchar *pBStart;
                uchar szCCEsc[8]; /* buffer for escape sequence */
                int i;

                iLenBuf += iNumCC * 4;
                pBStart = pB = malloc(iLenBuf + 1);
                if (pB == NULL) {
                    if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                for (pSrc = pRes; *pSrc; pSrc++) {
                    if (iscntrl((int)*pSrc)) {
                        snprintf((char *)szCCEsc, sizeof(szCCEsc), "#%3.3d", *pSrc);
                        for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) *pB++ = szCCEsc[i];
                    } else {
                        *pB++ = *pSrc;
                    }
                }
                *pB = '\0';
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                pRes = pBStart;
                bufLen = -1;
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Take care of spurious characters to make the property safe
     * for a path definition
     */
    if (pTpe->data.field.options.bSecPathDrop || pTpe->data.field.options.bSecPathReplace) {
        if (pTpe->data.field.options.bSecPathDrop) {
            int iLenBuf = 0;
            uchar *pSrc = pRes;
            uchar *pDstStart;
            uchar *pDst;
            uchar bDropped = 0;

            while (*pSrc) {
                if (*pSrc++ != '/')
                    iLenBuf++;
                else
                    bDropped = 1;
            }

            if (bDropped) {
                pDst = pDstStart = malloc(iLenBuf + 1);
                if (pDst == NULL) {
                    if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                for (pSrc = pRes; *pSrc; pSrc++) {
                    if (*pSrc != '/') *pDst++ = *pSrc;
                }
                *pDst = '\0';
                if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                pRes = pDstStart;
                bufLen = -1; /* TODO: can we do better? */
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
        } else {
            uchar *pSrc;
            uchar *pDstStart;
            uchar *pDst;

            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) {
                /* here, again, we can modify the string as we already obtained
                 * a private buffer. As we do not change the size of that buffer,
                 * in-place modification is possible. This is a performance
                 * enhancement.
                 */
                for (pDst = pRes; *pDst; pDst++) {
                    if (*pDst == '/') *pDst++ = '_';
                }
            } else {
                if (bufLen == -1) bufLen = ustrlen(pRes);
                pDst = pDstStart = malloc(bufLen + 1);
                if (pDst == NULL) {
                    if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                for (pSrc = pRes; *pSrc; pSrc++) {
                    if (*pSrc == '/')
                        *pDst++ = '_';
                    else
                        *pDst++ = *pSrc;
                }
                *pDst = '\0';
                /* we must NOT check if it needs to be freed, because we have done
                 * this in the if above. So if we come to hear, the pSrc string needs
                 * not to be freed (and we do not need to care about it).
                 */
                pRes = pDstStart;
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
        }

        /* check for "." and ".." (note the parenthesis in the if condition!) */
        if (*pRes == '\0') {
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
            pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("_");
            bufLen = 1;
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
        } else if ((*pRes == '.') && (*(pRes + 1) == '\0' || (*(pRes + 1) == '.' && *(pRes + 2) == '\0'))) {
            uchar *pTmp = pRes;

            if (*(pRes + 1) == '\0')
                pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("_");
            else
                pRes = UCHAR_CONSTANT("_.");
            ;
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pTmp);
            *pbMustBeFreed = 0;
        }
    }

    /* Now drop last LF if present (pls note that this must not be done
     * if bEscapeCC was set)!
     */
    if (pTpe->data.field.options.bDropLastLF && !pTpe->data.field.options.bEscapeCC) {
        int iLn;
        uchar *pB;
        if (bufLen == -1) bufLen = ustrlen(pRes);
        iLn = bufLen;
        if (iLn > 0 && *(pRes + iLn - 1) == '\n') {
            /* we have a LF! */
            /* check if we need to obtain a private copy */
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 0) {
                /* ok, original copy, need a private one */
                pB = malloc(iLn + 1);
                if (pB == NULL) {
                    RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
                }
                memcpy(pB, pRes, iLn - 1);
                pRes = pB;
                *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
            }
            *(pRes + iLn - 1) = '\0'; /* drop LF ;) */
            --bufLen;
        }
    }

    /* Now everything is squased as much as possible and more or less ready to
     * go. This is the perfect place to compress any remaining spaces, if so
     * instructed by the user/config.
     */
    if (pTpe->data.field.options.bCompressSP) {
        int needCompress = 0;
        int hadSP = 0;
        uchar *pB;
        if (*pbMustBeFreed == 0) {
            for (pB = pRes; *pB && needCompress == 0; ++pB) {
                if (*pB == ' ') {
                    if (hadSP) {
                        uchar *const tmp = ustrdup(pRes);
                        if (tmp == NULL)
                            /* better not compress than
                             * loose message. */
                            break;
                        *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
                        pRes = tmp;
                        needCompress = 1;
                    } else {
                        hadSP = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            /* If we can modify the buffer in any case, we
             * do NOT check if we actually need to compress,
             * but "just do it" - that's the quickest way
             * to get it done.
             */
            needCompress = 1;
        }
        if (needCompress) {
            hadSP = 0;
            uchar *pDst = pRes;
            int needCopy = 0;
            for (pB = pRes; *pB; ++pB) {
                if (*pB == ' ') {
                    if (hadSP) {
                        needCopy = 1;
                    } else {
                        hadSP = 1;
                        if (needCopy) *pDst = *pB;
                        ++pDst;
                    }
                } else {
                    hadSP = 0;
                    if (needCopy) *pDst = *pB;
                    ++pDst;
                }
            }
            *pDst = '\0';
            bufLen = pDst - pRes;
        }
    }

    /* finally, we need to check if the property should be formatted in CSV or JSON.
     * For CSV we use RFC 4180, and always use double quotes. As of this writing,
     * this should be the last action carried out on the property, but in the
     * future there may be reasons to change that. -- rgerhards, 2009-04-02
     */
    if (pTpe->data.field.options.bCSV) {
        /* we need to obtain a private copy, as we need to at least add the double quotes */
        int iBufLen;
        uchar *pBStart;
        uchar *pDst;
        uchar *pSrc;
        if (bufLen == -1) bufLen = ustrlen(pRes);
        iBufLen = bufLen;
        /* the malloc may be optimized, we currently use the worst case... */
        pBStart = pDst = malloc(2 * iBufLen + 3);
        if (pDst == NULL) {
            if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
            RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
        pSrc = pRes;
        *pDst++ = '"'; /* starting quote */
        while (*pSrc) {
            if (*pSrc == '"') *pDst++ = '"'; /* need to add double double quote (see RFC4180) */
            *pDst++ = *pSrc++;
        }
        *pDst++ = '"'; /* ending quote */
        *pDst = '\0';
        if (*pbMustBeFreed == 1) free(pRes);
        pRes = pBStart;
        bufLen = -1;
        *pbMustBeFreed = 1;
    } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.bJSON) {
        jsonEncode(&pRes, pbMustBeFreed, &bufLen, RSTRUE);
    } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.bJSONf) {
        jsonField(pTpe, &pRes, pbMustBeFreed, &bufLen, RSTRUE);
    } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.bJSONr) {
        jsonEncode(&pRes, pbMustBeFreed, &bufLen, RSFALSE);
    } else if (pTpe->data.field.options.bJSONfr) {
        jsonField(pTpe, &pRes, pbMustBeFreed, &bufLen, RSFALSE);
    }

    *pPropLen = (bufLen == -1) ? (int)ustrlen(pRes) : bufLen;

    return (pRes);
}

/* Set a single property based on the JSON object provided. The
 * property name is extracted from the JSON object.
 */
static rsRetVal msgSetPropViaJSON(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg,
                                  const char *name,
                                  struct json_object *json,
                                  int sharedReference) {
    const char *psz;
    int val;
    prop_t *propFromHost = NULL;
    prop_t *propRcvFromIP = NULL;
    int bNeedFree = 1;
    DEFiRet;

    /* note: jsonToString() manages the memory of the returned
     *       string. So we MUST NOT free it!
     */
    dbgprintf("DDDD: msgSetPropViaJSON key: '%s'\n", name);
    if (!strcmp(name, "rawmsg")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetRawMsg(pMsg, psz, strlen(psz));
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "msg")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgReplaceMSG(pMsg, (const uchar *)psz, strlen(psz));
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "syslogtag")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetTAG(pMsg, (const uchar *)psz, strlen(psz));
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "pri")) {
        val = json_object_get_int(json);
        msgSetPRI(pMsg, val);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "syslogfacility")) {
        val = json_object_get_int(json);
        if (val >= 0 && val <= 24)
            pMsg->iFacility = val;
        else
            DBGPRINTF("mmexternal: invalid fac %d requested -- ignored\n", val);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "syslogseverity")) {
        val = json_object_get_int(json);
        if (val >= 0 && val <= 7)
            pMsg->iSeverity = val;
        else
            DBGPRINTF("mmexternal: invalid fac %d requested -- ignored\n", val);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "procid")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetPROCID(pMsg, psz);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "msgid")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetMSGID(pMsg, psz);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "structured-data")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetStructuredData(pMsg, psz);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "hostname") || !strcmp(name, "source")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetHOSTNAME(pMsg, (const uchar *)psz, strlen(psz));
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "fromhost")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetRcvFromStr(pMsg, (const uchar *)psz, strlen(psz), &propFromHost);
        prop.Destruct(&propFromHost);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "fromhost-ip")) {
        psz = jsonToString(json);
        MsgSetRcvFromIPStr(pMsg, (const uchar *)psz, strlen(psz), &propRcvFromIP);
        prop.Destruct(&propRcvFromIP);
    } else if (!strcmp(name, "$!")) {
        /* msgAddJSON expects that it can keep the object without incremeting
         * the json reference count. So we MUST NOT free (_put) the object in
         * this case. -- rgerhards, 2018-09-14
         */
        bNeedFree = 0;
        msgAddJSON(pMsg, (uchar *)"!", json, 0, sharedReference);
    } else {
        /* we ignore unknown properties */
        DBGPRINTF("msgSetPropViaJSON: unkonwn property ignored: %s\n", name);
    }

    if (bNeedFree) {
        json_object_put(json);
    }

    RETiRet;
}


/* set message properties based on JSON string. This function does it all,
 * including parsing the JSON string. If an error is detected, the operation
 * is aborted at the time of error. Any modifications made before the
 * error ocurs are still PERSISTED.
 * This function is meant to support the external message modifiction module
 * interface. As such, replacing properties is expressively permited. Note that
 * properties which were derived from the message during parsing are NOT
 * updated if the underlying (raw)msg property is changed.
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetPropsViaJSON(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg, const uchar *__restrict__ const jsonstr) {
    struct json_tokener *tokener = NULL;
    struct json_object *json;
    const char *errMsg;
    DEFiRet;

    DBGPRINTF("DDDDDD: JSON string for message mod: '%s'\n", jsonstr);
    if (!strcmp((char *)jsonstr, "{}")) /* shortcut for a common case */
        FINALIZE;

    tokener = json_tokener_new();

    json = json_tokener_parse_ex(tokener, (char *)jsonstr, ustrlen(jsonstr));
    if (Debug) {
        errMsg = NULL;
        if (json == NULL) {
            enum json_tokener_error err;

            err = tokener->err;
            if (err != json_tokener_continue)
                errMsg = json_tokener_error_desc(err);
            else
                errMsg = "Unterminated input";
        } else if (!json_object_is_type(json, json_type_object))
            errMsg = "JSON value is not an object";
        if (errMsg != NULL) {
            DBGPRINTF("MsgSetPropsViaJSON: Error parsing JSON '%s': %s\n", jsonstr, errMsg);
        }
    }
    if (json == NULL || !json_object_is_type(json, json_type_object)) {
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_JSON_UNUSABLE);
    }
    MsgSetPropsViaJSON_Object(pMsg, json);

finalize_it:
    if (tokener != NULL) json_tokener_free(tokener);
    RETiRet;
}


/* Used by MsgSetPropsViaJSON to set properties.
 * The same as MsgSetPropsViaJSON only that a json object is given and not a string
 */
rsRetVal MsgSetPropsViaJSON_Object(smsg_t *__restrict__ const pMsg, struct json_object *json) {
    DEFiRet;
    if (json == NULL || !json_object_is_type(json, json_type_object)) {
        DBGPRINTF("MsgSetPropsViaJSON_Object: json NULL or not object type\n");
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_JSON_UNUSABLE);
    }
    struct json_object_iterator it = json_object_iter_begin(json);
    struct json_object_iterator itEnd = json_object_iter_end(json);
    while (!json_object_iter_equal(&it, &itEnd)) {
        struct json_object *child = json_object_iter_peek_value(&it);
        json_object_get(child);
        msgSetPropViaJSON(pMsg, json_object_iter_peek_name(&it), child, 0);
        json_object_iter_next(&it);
    }
    json_object_put(json);

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* get the severity - this is an entry point that
 * satisfies the base object class getSeverity semantics.
 * rgerhards, 2008-01-14
 */
rsRetVal MsgGetSeverity(smsg_t *const pMsg, int *piSeverity) {
    *piSeverity = pMsg->iSeverity;
    return RS_RET_OK;
}


static uchar *jsonPathGetLeaf(uchar *name, int lenName) {
    int i;
    for (i = lenName; i >= 0; --i)
        if (i == 0) {
            if (name[0] == '!' || name[0] == '.' || name[0] == '/') break;
        } else {
            if (name[i] == '!') break;
        }
    if (name[i] == '!' || name[i] == '.' || name[i] == '/') ++i;
    return name + i;
}

static json_bool jsonVarExtract(struct json_object *root, const char *key, struct json_object **value) {
    char namebuf[MAX_VARIABLE_NAME_LEN];
    int key_len = strlen(key);
    char *array_idx_start = strstr(key, "[");
    char *array_idx_end = NULL;
    char *array_idx_num_end_discovered = NULL;
    struct json_object *arr = NULL;
    if (array_idx_start != NULL) {
        array_idx_end = strstr(array_idx_start, "]");
    }
    if (array_idx_end != NULL && (array_idx_end - key + 1) == key_len) {
        errno = 0;
        int idx = (int)strtol(array_idx_start + 1, &array_idx_num_end_discovered, 10);
        if (errno == 0 && array_idx_num_end_discovered == array_idx_end) {
            memcpy(namebuf, key, array_idx_start - key);
            namebuf[array_idx_start - key] = '\0';
            json_bool found_obj = json_object_object_get_ex(root, namebuf, &arr);
            if (found_obj && json_object_is_type(arr, json_type_array)) {
                int len = json_object_array_length(arr);
                if (len > idx) {
                    *value = json_object_array_get_idx(arr, idx);
                    if (*value != NULL) return TRUE;
                }
                return FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
    return json_object_object_get_ex(root, key, value);
}


static rsRetVal jsonPathFindNext(
    struct json_object *root, uchar *namestart, uchar **name, uchar *leaf, struct json_object **found, int bCreate) {
    uchar namebuf[MAX_VARIABLE_NAME_LEN];
    struct json_object *json;
    size_t i;
    uchar *p = *name;
    DEFiRet;

    if (*p == '!' || (*name == namestart && (*p == '.' || *p == '/'))) ++p;
    for (i = 0;
         *p && !(p == namestart && (*p == '.' || *p == '/')) && *p != '!' && p != leaf && i < sizeof(namebuf) - 1;
         ++i, ++p)
        namebuf[i] = *p;
    if (i > 0) {
        namebuf[i] = '\0';
        if (jsonVarExtract(root, (char *)namebuf, &json) == FALSE) {
            json = NULL;
        }
    } else
        json = root;
    if (json == NULL) {
        if (!bCreate) {
            ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_JNAME_INVALID);
        } else {
            if (json_object_get_type(root) != json_type_object) {
                DBGPRINTF(
                    "jsonPathFindNext with bCreate: not a container in json path, "
                    "name is '%s'\n",
                    namestart);
                ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_INVLD_SETOP);
            }
            json = json_object_new_object();
            json_object_object_add(root, (char *)namebuf, json);
        }
    }

    *name = p;
    *found = json;
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

static rsRetVal jsonPathFindParent(
    struct json_object *jroot, uchar *name, uchar *leaf, struct json_object **parent, const int bCreate) {
    uchar *namestart;
    DEFiRet;
    namestart = name;
    *parent = jroot;
    while (name < leaf - 1) {
        CHKiRet(jsonPathFindNext(*parent, namestart, &name, leaf, parent, bCreate));
    }
    if (*parent == NULL) ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_NOT_FOUND);
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

static rsRetVal jsonMerge(struct json_object *existing, struct json_object *json) {
    DEFiRet;

    struct json_object_iterator it = json_object_iter_begin(json);
    struct json_object_iterator itEnd = json_object_iter_end(json);
    while (!json_object_iter_equal(&it, &itEnd)) {
        json_object_object_add(existing, json_object_iter_peek_name(&it),
                               json_object_get(json_object_iter_peek_value(&it)));
        json_object_iter_next(&it);
    }
    /* note: json-c does ref counting. We added all descandants refcounts
     * in the loop above. So when we now free(_put) the root object, only
     * root gets freed().
     */
    json_object_put(json);
    RETiRet;
}

/* find a JSON structure element (field or container doesn't matter).  */
rsRetVal jsonFind(smsg_t *const pMsg, msgPropDescr_t *pProp, struct json_object **jsonres) {
    uchar *leaf;
    struct json_object *parent;
    struct json_object *field;
    struct json_object **jroot = NULL;
    pthread_mutex_t *mut = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    CHKiRet(getJSONRootAndMutex(pMsg, pProp->id, &jroot, &mut));
    pthread_mutex_lock(mut);

    if (*jroot == NULL) {
        field = NULL;
        FINALIZE;
    }

    if (!strcmp((char *)pProp->name, "!")) {
        field = *jroot;
    } else if (!strcmp((char *)pProp->name, ".")) {
        field = *jroot;
    } else {
        leaf = jsonPathGetLeaf(pProp->name, pProp->nameLen);
        CHKiRet(jsonPathFindParent(*jroot, pProp->name, leaf, &parent, 0));
        if (jsonVarExtract(parent, (char *)leaf, &field) == FALSE) field = NULL;
    }
    *jsonres = field;

finalize_it:
    if (mut != NULL) pthread_mutex_unlock(mut);
    RETiRet;
}

/* check if JSON variable exists (works on terminal var and container) */
rsRetVal ATTR_NONNULL() msgCheckVarExists(smsg_t *const pMsg, msgPropDescr_t *pProp) {
    struct json_object *jsonres = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    CHKiRet(jsonFind(pMsg, pProp, &jsonres));
    if (jsonres == NULL) {
        iRet = RS_RET_NOT_FOUND;
    }

finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

rsRetVal msgAddJSON(smsg_t *const pM, uchar *name, struct json_object *json, int force_reset, int sharedReference) {
    /* TODO: error checks! This is a quick&dirty PoC! */
    struct json_object **jroot;
    struct json_object *parent, *leafnode;
    struct json_object *given = NULL;
    uchar *leaf;
    pthread_mutex_t *mut = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    CHKiRet(getJSONRootAndMutexByVarChar(pM, name[0], &jroot, &mut));
    pthread_mutex_lock(mut);

    if (name[0] == '/') { /* globl var special handling */
        if (sharedReference) {
            given = json;
            json = jsonDeepCopy(json);
            json_object_put(given);
        }
    }

    if (name[1] == '\0') { /* full tree? */
        if (*jroot == NULL)
            *jroot = json;
        else
            CHKiRet(jsonMerge(*jroot, json));
    } else {
        if (*jroot == NULL) {
            /* now we need a root obj */
            *jroot = json_object_new_object();
        }
        leaf = jsonPathGetLeaf(name, ustrlen(name));
        iRet = jsonPathFindParent(*jroot, name, leaf, &parent, 1);
        if (unlikely(iRet != RS_RET_OK)) {
            json_object_put(json);
            FINALIZE;
        }
        if (json_object_get_type(parent) != json_type_object) {
            DBGPRINTF(
                "msgAddJSON: not a container in json path,"
                "name is '%s'\n",
                name);
            json_object_put(json);
            ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_INVLD_SETOP);
        }
        if (jsonVarExtract(parent, (char *)leaf, &leafnode) == FALSE) leafnode = NULL;
        /* json-c code indicates we can simply replace a
         * json type. Unfortunaltely, this is not documented
         * as part of the interface spec. We still use it,
         * because it speeds up processing. If it does not work
         * at some point, use
         * json_object_object_del(parent, (char*)leaf);
         * before adding. rgerhards, 2012-09-17
         */
        if (force_reset || (leafnode == NULL)) {
            json_object_object_add(parent, (char *)leaf, json);
        } else {
            if (json_object_get_type(json) == json_type_object) {
                CHKiRet(jsonMerge(*jroot, json));
            } else {
                /* TODO: improve the code below, however, the current
                 *       state is not really bad */
                if (json_object_get_type(leafnode) == json_type_object) {
                    DBGPRINTF(
                        "msgAddJSON: trying to update a container "
                        "node with a leaf, name is %s - "
                        "forbidden",
                        name);
                    json_object_put(json);
                    ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_INVLD_SETOP);
                }
                json_object_object_add(parent, (char *)leaf, json);
            }
        }
    }

finalize_it:
    if (mut != NULL) pthread_mutex_unlock(mut);
    RETiRet;
}


rsRetVal msgDelJSON(smsg_t *const pM, uchar *name) {
    struct json_object **jroot;
    struct json_object *parent, *leafnode;
    uchar *leaf;
    pthread_mutex_t *mut = NULL;
    DEFiRet;

    CHKiRet(getJSONRootAndMutexByVarChar(pM, name[0], &jroot, &mut));
    pthread_mutex_lock(mut);

    if (*jroot == NULL) {
        DBGPRINTF("msgDelJSONVar; jroot empty in unset for property %s\n", name);
        FINALIZE;
    }

    if (name[1] == '\0') {
        /* full tree! Strange, but I think we should permit this. After all,
         * we trust rsyslog.conf to be written by the admin.
         */
        DBGPRINTF("unsetting JSON root object\n");
        json_object_put(*jroot);
        *jroot = NULL;
    } else {
        leaf = jsonPathGetLeaf(name, ustrlen(name));
        CHKiRet(jsonPathFindParent(*jroot, name, leaf, &parent, 0));
        if (jsonVarExtract(parent, (char *)leaf, &leafnode) == FALSE) leafnode = NULL;
        if (leafnode == NULL) {
            DBGPRINTF("unset JSON: could not find '%s'\n", name);
            ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_JNAME_NOTFOUND);
        } else {
            DBGPRINTF(
                "deleting JSON value path '%s', "
                "leaf '%s', type %d\n",
                name, leaf, json_object_get_type(leafnode));
            json_object_object_del(parent, (char *)leaf);
        }
    }

finalize_it:
    if (mut != NULL) pthread_mutex_unlock(mut);
    RETiRet;
}

/* add Metadata to the message. This is stored in a special JSON
 * container. Note that only string types are currently supported,
 * what should pose absolutely no problem with the string-ish nature
 * of rsyslog metadata.
 * added 2015-01-09 rgerhards
 */
rsRetVal msgAddMetadata(smsg_t *const __restrict__ pMsg,
                        uchar *const __restrict__ metaname,
                        uchar *const __restrict__ metaval) {
    DEFiRet;
    struct json_object *const json = json_object_new_object();
    CHKmalloc(json);
    struct json_object *const jval = json_object_new_string((char *)metaval);
    if (jval == NULL) {
        json_object_put(json);
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY);
    }
    json_object_object_add(json, (const char *const)metaname, jval);
    iRet = msgAddJSON(pMsg, (uchar *)"!metadata", json, 0, 0);
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

rsRetVal msgAddMultiMetadata(smsg_t *const __restrict__ pMsg,
                             const uchar **__restrict__ metaname,
                             const uchar **__restrict__ metaval,
                             const int count) {
    DEFiRet;
    int i = 0;
    struct json_object *const json = json_object_new_object();
    CHKmalloc(json);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        struct json_object *const jval = json_object_new_string((char *)metaval[i]);
        if (jval == NULL) {
            json_object_put(json);
            ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_OUT_OF_MEMORY);
        }
        json_object_object_add(json, (const char *const)metaname[i], jval);
    }
    iRet = msgAddJSON(pMsg, (uchar *)"!metadata", json, 0, 0);
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

struct json_object *jsonDeepCopy(struct json_object *src) {
    struct json_object *dst = NULL, *json;
    int arrayLen, i;

    if (src == NULL) goto done;

    switch (json_object_get_type(src)) {
        case json_type_boolean:
            dst = json_object_new_boolean(json_object_get_boolean(src));
            break;
        case json_type_double:
            dst = json_object_new_double(json_object_get_double(src));
            break;
        case json_type_int:
            dst = json_object_new_int64(json_object_get_int64(src));
            break;
        case json_type_string:
            dst = json_object_new_string(jsonToString(src));
            break;
        case json_type_object:
            dst = json_object_new_object();
            struct json_object_iterator it = json_object_iter_begin(src);
            struct json_object_iterator itEnd = json_object_iter_end(src);
            while (!json_object_iter_equal(&it, &itEnd)) {
                json = jsonDeepCopy(json_object_iter_peek_value(&it));
                json_object_object_add(dst, json_object_iter_peek_name(&it), json);
                json_object_iter_next(&it);
            }
            break;
        case json_type_array:
            arrayLen = json_object_array_length(src);
            dst = json_object_new_array();
            for (i = 0; i < arrayLen; ++i) {
                json = json_object_array_get_idx(src, i);
                json = jsonDeepCopy(json);
                json_object_array_add(dst, json);
            }
            break;
        case json_type_null:
        default:
            DBGPRINTF("jsonDeepCopy(): error unknown type %d\n", json_object_get_type(src));
            dst = NULL;
            break;
    }
done:
    return dst;
}


rsRetVal msgSetJSONFromVar(smsg_t *const pMsg, uchar *varname, struct svar *v, int force_reset) {
    struct json_object *json = NULL;
    char *cstr;
    DEFiRet;
    switch (v->datatype) {
        case 'S': /* string */
            CHKmalloc(cstr = es_str2cstr(v->d.estr, NULL));
            json = json_object_new_string(cstr);
            free(cstr);
            break;
        case 'N': /* number (integer) */
            json = json_object_new_int64(v->d.n);
            break;
        case 'J': /* native JSON */
            json = jsonDeepCopy(v->d.json);
            break;
        default:
            DBGPRINTF("msgSetJSONFromVar: unsupported datatype %c\n", v->datatype);
            ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_ERR);
    }

    msgAddJSON(pMsg, varname, json, force_reset, 0);
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

rsRetVal MsgAddToStructuredData(smsg_t *const pMsg, uchar *toadd, rs_size_t len) {
    uchar *newptr;
    rs_size_t newlen;
    int empty;
    DEFiRet;
    empty = pMsg->pszStrucData == NULL || pMsg->pszStrucData[0] == '-';
    newlen = (empty) ? len : pMsg->lenStrucData + len;
    CHKmalloc(newptr = (uchar *)realloc(pMsg->pszStrucData, newlen + 1));
    if (empty) {
        memcpy(newptr, toadd, len);
    } else {
        memcpy(newptr + pMsg->lenStrucData, toadd, len);
    }
    pMsg->pszStrucData = newptr;
    pMsg->pszStrucData[newlen] = '\0';
    pMsg->lenStrucData = newlen;
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}


/* Fill a message propert description. Space must already be alloced
 * by the caller. This is for efficiency, as we expect this to happen
 * as part of a larger structure alloc.
 * Note that CEE/LOCAL_VAR properties can come in either as
 * "$!xx"/"$.xx" or "!xx"/".xx" - we will unify them here.
 */
rsRetVal msgPropDescrFill(msgPropDescr_t *pProp, uchar *name, int nameLen) {
    propid_t id;
    int offs;
    DEFiRet;
    if (propNameToID(name, &id) != RS_RET_OK) {
        parser_errmsg("invalid property '%s'", name);
        /* now try to find some common error causes */
        if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "myhostname"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$myhostname' instead of '%s'? "
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "bom"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$bom' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "now"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$now' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "year"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$year' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "month"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$month' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "day"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$day' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "hour"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$hour' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "hhour"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$hhour' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "qhour"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$qhour' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "minute"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$minute' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "now-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$now-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "year-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$year-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "month-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$month-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "day-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$day-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "hour-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$hour-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "hhour-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$hhour-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "qhour-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$qhour-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        else if (!strcasecmp((char *)name, "minute-utc"))
            parser_errmsg(
                "did you mean '$minute-utc' instead of '%s'?"
                "See also: https://www.rsyslog.com/rsyslog-info-1/",
                name);
        ABORT_FINALIZE(RS_RET_INVLD_PROP);
    }
    if (id == PROP_CEE || id == PROP_LOCAL_VAR || id == PROP_GLOBAL_VAR) {
        /* in these cases, we need the field name for later processing */
        /* normalize name: remove $ if present */
        offs = (name[0] == '$') ? 1 : 0;
        pProp->name = ustrdup(name + offs);
        pProp->nameLen = nameLen - offs;
        /* we patch the root name, so that support functions do not need to
         * check for different root chars. */
        pProp->name[0] = '!';
    }
    pProp->id = id;
finalize_it:
    RETiRet;
}

void msgPropDescrDestruct(msgPropDescr_t *pProp) {
    if (pProp != NULL) {
        if (pProp->id == PROP_CEE || pProp->id == PROP_LOCAL_VAR || pProp->id == PROP_GLOBAL_VAR) free(pProp->name);
    }
}


/* dummy */
static rsRetVal msgQueryInterface(interface_t __attribute__((unused)) * i) {
    return RS_RET_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}

/* Initialize the message class. Must be called as the very first method
 * before anything else is called inside this class.
 * rgerhards, 2008-01-04
 */
BEGINObjClassInit(msg, 1, OBJ_IS_CORE_MODULE)
    pthread_mutex_init(&glblVars_lock, NULL);

    /* request objects we use */
    CHKiRet(objUse(datetime, CORE_COMPONENT));
    CHKiRet(objUse(glbl, CORE_COMPONENT));
    CHKiRet(objUse(prop, CORE_COMPONENT));
    CHKiRet(objUse(var, CORE_COMPONENT));

    /* set our own handlers */
    OBJSetMethodHandler(objMethod_SERIALIZE, MsgSerialize);
    /* some more inits */
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
    INIT_ATOMIC_HELPER_MUT(mutTrimCtr);
#endif
ENDObjClassInit(msg)
